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Design indoor temperature of residental buildingfor household heating and heat metering was studied in this article based on thermal comfort formula and PMV/PPD evaluation index. It can be determined that when indoor temperature is 20℃ and varies in the range of 16℃~24℃,it's feasible for thermal comfort,woking efficiency and health standard,thus the key problem of heat load calculation is resolved.

本文从热舒适、工作效率、健康标准等方面出发，以热舒适方程及PMV/PPD评价指标为依据，对采用分户计量供热系统的居住建筑的室内设计计算温度的确定进行了研究，确定其为20℃，室温变化范围是16℃～24℃，从而解决了热负荷计算的核心问题，对完善热计量技术及相关暖通规范的编写有一定的指导意义。

Design indoor temperature of residental buildingfor household heating and heat metering was studied in this article based on thermal comfort formula and PMV/PPD evaluation index. It can be determined that when indoor temperature is 20℃ and varies in the range of 16℃~24℃,it's feasible for thermal comfort,woking efficiency and health standard,thus the key problem of heat load calculation is resolved. It's significant for perfecting heat metering techniques and providing specifications of HVAC.

简介： 本文从热舒适、工作效率、健康标准等方面出发，以热舒适方程及PMV/PPD评价指标为依据，对采用分户计量供热系统的居住建筑的室内设计计算温度的确定进行了研究，确定其为20℃，室温变化范围是16℃～24℃，从而解决了热负荷计算的核心问题，对完善热计量技术及相关暖通规范的编写有一定的指导意义。

Aiming at the problem of indoor air temperature being too high in summer, carries out an experiment in passive solar house with an advanced Trombe wall in marine climate region. Explores the cooling effect and indoor air temperature in different passive cooling modes. Obtains the optimal operation mode and ventilation pattern for passive cooling.

针对被动式太阳房普遍存在的夏季室内过热问题，对海洋性气候条件下带有新型特隆布墙的被动式太阳房进行了实验研究，分析了不同被动降温模式的降温效果和室内空气温度分布，给出了适用于该类太阳房被动降温的最佳通风模式，认为内壁面温度是室内气温最显著的影响因素。

The experiments were carried out on a new passive solar test cell. Much data such as indoor and outdoor temperature, the solar radiation, the core and surface temperature of Trombe wall, the temperature and velocity of vent airflow were recorded every ten minutes and saved in computer by a computerized data-logger device. Based on these data, this paper analyzed thermal performance of passive solar house under different weather situations. Meanwhile the effect of Trombe wall on the indoor thermal environment in heating season was also examined.

本研究在新建成的被动式太阳房内，利用多通道计算机巡回检测系统，对室内外温度、太阳辐射强度、集热蓄热墙体温度以及通风口风速、温度进行了长期实测，研究含有Trombe墙体的新建被动式太阳房采暖季节的热性能，采暖季节的室内温度随室外气象条件以及太阳辐射强度的变化情况、室内温度在集热蓄热墙体作用下的波动情况以及在不同天气情况下Trombe墙对室内温度的影响。

At last the paper realized the advantages and disadvantages of passive solar building and adnvanced some suggestions in future research. From another point, the paper logged the process of the building of the experimental equipment and the mounting of the measurement equipments that accumulated some operating experimence.Carrying experiments, calculating and analyzing the experimental data for more than 2 years, the paper gained some constructive conclusions. In winter the indoor air temperature and RH are lower than comfort criteria, but people feels very comfortable in the passive solar house. The thermo-circulation formed by Trombe wall play an important role in improving indoor air temperature and RH. Based on the analogy analysis theory, the natural convection heat transfer in the air gap can be treated as superposition of two natural convection heat transfer processes occurring over isolated isothermal vertical flat plate, in this case namely the massive wall and glazing. Two empirical formulas for Q and Nu are obtained. The investigation shows that the optimal time to open the damper should comply with the period that the thermo-circulation happens which can be controlled by thermal response characteristics of Trombe wall surface temperature and air temperature in the air gap.

经过两年多的实测和计算，根据传热学、流体力学、统计学等学科的基础理论，对大量数据进行整理归类、分析讨论，主要得到如下结论：(1)冬季，含有特朗贝墙体的被动式太阳房室内热湿环境较舒适性标准偏低，但人体感觉比较舒适，特朗贝墙体形成的热循环通风在调节室内温度和相对湿度方面起到很大的作用；(2)特朗贝墙体空气间层自然对流可以看作是两个等温独立大平板的自然对流换热过程的叠加，通过与大平板自然对流理论类比获得了计算热循环过程中对流换热量的经验公式；(3)特朗贝墙体通风口的启闭可以根据玻璃幕墙内壁面温度、蓄热墙体外壁面温度和空气间层进出口空气温度之间的关系来进行控制，从而有效地阻挡冬季冷循环的发生；(4)夏季，如没有有效的通风降温措施，被动式太阳房内会产生明显的过热。

Under unartificial state create perfect life effect, in this way, interior space's material nature and physique disposal make it more natural and kind in indoor stereo space, between indoor and yard.

在自然的状态下创造出完整的生活效果，这样，室内空间的材质和形体处理使室内立体空间，室内与庭院之间更显自然、亲切。

The unit emissions of NO2 of LPG combustion (42.69 mg/kg) was higher than the coal and NG (20.01 mg/kg, 11.87 mg/kg), so in the unventilated rooms it could still make the indoor air quality exceed Chinese indoor air quality standard limits.

在通风不良的室内，均可使室内CO和NO2浓度均超过GB/T 18883-2002《室内空气质量标准》。

More and more consumers bewails for being traped, on the contrary, the indoor decoration company puts that the customers are really hard to deal with and there is no profit, anyway, all of this result that the indoor decoration remains hot.

市场的火爆、消费者的热情同样也让这个起步迅速的装饰行业麻烦不断，在越来越多的消费者痛惜跌入&装修陷阱&时，装饰公司的反馈则是消费者&难缠&、&没利润&，孰是孰非都使本就发热的家庭装修高烧不退。

The result showed that the pest developed 7-8 generations per year and overwintered in leaf roll with larvae form in Fuzhou;the egg dura tion last 7.5 days,larva 15.4 days,pupa 7.5 days,preoviposition 1.7 days, the whole generation lasted 31.9 days when raised under 24.2 ℃ of indoor temerature during spring;and the whole generation was 24.8 days when raised under 28 .6℃ of indoor temperature during autumn.

室内自然变温下饲养：春季日均温在24.2℃时，卵期7.5 d、幼虫期15.4 d、蛹期7.3 d、产卵前期1.7 d，全世代历期共31.9 d；秋季日均温在28.6℃时，全世代历期为24.8 d。在福州地区龙眼园年发生7-8代，以幼虫在叶包中越冬。

One of the important measures to improve the indoor air quality is to increase and guarantee the number of rimes of necessary indoor ventilation besides the strict control on the discharge of various pollutants.

要改进和提高室内空气质量，除了严格地控制各种污染源的排放外，增加和保证室内必需的通风换气次数也是一项重要措施。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。