查询词典 fragment

The direct incorporation of U-13C glucose was estimated by the intensity increase of m/z to F(F was parent fragment, and n was the carbon number in the fragment), while the total isotope incorporation from the added 13C could be calculated according to the abundance ratio increment summation from m/z (Fa+1) through (Fa was the fragment containing all original skeleton carbons, and T was the carbon number in the amino acid molecule). The 13C enrichment in the target compound was expressed as atom percentage excess, and that of D-amino acid needed to be corrected by the coefficient of hydrolysis-induced racemization. The 13C enrichment reflected the carbon turnover velocity of individual amino acid enantiomers, and was powerful to investigate the dynamics of soil amino acids.

外加葡萄糖直接合成氨基酸的比例可利用质谱碎片的相对强度变化来评价（n为质谱碎片F中含有的碳原子数目）；而源于葡萄糖的13C同位素在氨基酸分子中的富集程度是所有同位素峰相对强度变化的总和。13C在目标化合物中的富集比例用原子百分超评价，D氨－基酸的APE还需进一步利用水解诱导的外消旋化系数校正。13C在目标化合物中的富集程度可反映各氨基酸手性异构体的碳循环速率大小，是研究土壤氨基酸动态变化的有力工具。

The further analysis was given to Rhesus boxes specific sequencing and RHD gene homozygosity determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to Rhesus boxes.

然后对Rh盒子基因进行特异性测序分析，同时对Rh盒子基因的扩增产物采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（restrict fragment length polymorphism，RFLP）方法进行RHD基因的纯合性测定。

The results showed that the PCR fragment length of root-knot samples was 768bp in cowpea(RKN-1), tomato(RKN-2), balsam pear(RKN-3), Astragalus adsurgens (RKN-19)and rose(RKN-4) from Beijing, peanut fromWeifang (RKN-7) Yantai(RKN-6) and Jiaozhou(RKN-5) in Shandong, tomato from Hexian(RKN-9), cucumber from Suzhou (RKN-8) and Platycodon grandiflorum from Taihe(RKN-11) in Anhui and two kinds of tomato species(RKN-22,23) from China Central Agricultural University; the PCR fragment length of root-knot samples was 769bp in balsam pear from Ganyu(RKN-10) in Jiangsu, tomato from Kunming(RKN-12) in Yunnan, Langfang (RKN-17)in Hebei, Chengdu(RKN-18) in Sichuan and Suzhou(RKN-21) in Anhui and cucumber from Sixian(RKN-20) in Anhui; the PCR fragment length of root-knot samples was 772bp in guava(RKN-13) and pawpaw (RKN-15) from Hainan; the PCR fragment length of the other two samples was both 766bp in tomato(RKN-24,25) from China Central Agricultural University, and the PCR fragment length of root-knot nematodes in cucumber from Hangzhou in Zhejiang(RKN-16) and pepper from Anding (RKN-14)in Hainan was 767bp and 869bp, respectively.

结果表明，北京密云的豇豆、番茄、苦瓜，北京植保站月季，山东胶州，烟台和潍坊的花生，安徽和县的番茄，宿州的黄瓜和太和的桔梗，北京畜牧所沙打旺以及中国农业大学两个番茄品种(RKN-23和RKN-25)上的根结线虫种群的PCR扩增片段长度为768bp；江苏赣榆苦瓜，云南昆明，河北廊坊，安徽宿州和四川成都番茄以及安徽泅县黄瓜上根结线虫种群的PCR扩增片段长度为769bp；海南安定木瓜和石榴上根结线虫种群的PCR扩增长片段度为772bp；中国农业大学另外两个番茄(RKN22和RKN-24)品种上的根结线虫种群的PCR扩增片段长度为766bp；而浙江杭州黄瓜和海南安定胡椒上的根结线虫种群的PCR扩增长度分别为767bp和869bp。

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA sequence was used to reveal the diversity of culturable rare actinomycetes.

采用16S rDNA的限制性片断长度多态性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism，RFLP)分析和序列分析，揭示其多样性。

In this paper, Amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers were used to explore genetic variation and divergence among two selected lines and one cultured control of the pearl oyster, Pinctada martensii Dunker.

AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism)是一项基于 RFLP 和 RAPD 基础上的分子标记技术，广泛应用于动植物和海洋生物的种质资源鉴定及群体遗传结构分析中。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

To validate an investigation method for the epidemiology of Clostridium perfringens in chicken,genetic diversities of 34 strains of C.perfringens type A isolated from healthy chicken of 10 diffe-rent integrated chicken farms in Sichuan Province were analyzed by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR and amplified fragment length polymorphism methods.

为探讨鸡产气荚膜梭菌流行现状的调查方法，采用REP-PCR(repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR)技术对四川省10个规模化鸡场分离得到的34株A型产气荚膜梭菌进行了遗传多样性分析，并与AFLP（amplified fragment length polymorphism）方法进行了分型比较。

The universal primers of ITS1 and ITS4 for fungi were used in amplification of genomic rDNA sequences. A target fragment was obtained by ITS-PCR. Then, the fragment is cloned into the vector of pMD18-T before sequencing. The result of sequencing showed that the fragment is 692 bp in length. The results of Blast in Genbank and the analysis of fungal rDNA systemic development show that the relation between this fragment to the fungi of Sporisorium is closest, while the relation between it to the fungi of Ustilago is much far. It suggests that the name of Ustilago scitaminea for sugarcane smut isn't consistent to the result of rDNA systemic development analysis. It still needs more experiments to support this hypothesis.

用真菌rDNA序列分析的通用引物ITS1和ITS4，通过ITS-PCR得到目的片段，克隆在pMD18-T载体上后进行测序，结果显示该片段的长度为692 bp，与Genebank中已报道的真菌序列进行Blast和系统发育树分析，表明所获得的序列与Sporisorium属真菌具有更高的亲缘关系，而与Ustilago属真菌的亲缘关系较远，这与一直沿用的甘蔗黑穗病菌的命名似乎并不吻合，有待进行更多的研究以证实。

Methods Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, we detected 63 samples taken from 63 cases (including 36 invasive squamous carcinoma, 7 carcinoma in situ, 20 papillomas) for 248 point mutations in p53 gene.

采用聚合酶链反应――限制性片段长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms，PCR-RFLP）方法，对63例患者的送检标本（包括36例浸润性鳞状细胞癌，7例原位癌，20例乳头状瘤）中p53基因248位点的突变进行检测。

Total RNAs from KAx-3 cells and AK127 cells(developed for 14h) were isolated. After the reverse transcription and PCR reaction, two distinct differential fragments were acquired., fragment A was from KAx-3 cells and fragment C was from AK127 cells. After retriving and reamplifying the differentially expressed fragments, white-blue plaqueselection, the fragments were purified. Northern blot proved that fragment A was from KAx-3 cells and fragment C was from AK127 cells. The results of sequencing and researching for NCBI database have been showed: part sequence of fragment A shows 91% similarity to the gene encoding DhkA, 92% similarity to the gene encoding DhkF, 91% similarity to the gene encoding STATc, 97% similarity to the homoeobox gene encoding protein. These genes play important part in controlling cell differentiation and cell proportion in Dictyostelium discoideum.

本研究通过提取盘基网柄菌发育14小时的野生型KAx-3细胞和突变型AK127细胞的总RNA，运用mRNA差异显示法分离出了两条明显的差异表达片段，其中片段A来自野生型KAX-3细胞，片段C来自突变型Ak127细胞；并通过凝胶回收差异片段、对差异片段进行再次PCR、蓝白斑筛选克隆、提取质粒、酶切电泳纯化差异片段；接着进行Northern杂交的结果表明，片段A只与野生型KAx-3细胞的总RNA有杂交信号，片段C只与突变型AK127细胞的总RNA有杂交信号，这就排除了差异片段假阳性的可能；最后通过测序，搜索NCBI BLAST数据库发现：片段A的小部分序列与编码组氨酸激酶DhkA基因中一段序列的相似性高达91%，与编码组氨酸激酶DhkF基因中的一段序列相似性高达92%，与编码STATc蛋白基因的一段序列相似性达91%，以及与编码同源框蛋白的基因中的一段序列相似性达97%，这些基因在盘基网柄菌细胞分化和细胞比例调控过程中起着相当重要的作用，这些数据进一步说明了突变细胞不能完成发育的原因。

The physiology of the skin machine body for the sake of the environment in the maintenance stability, but eject a body metabolism creation of metabolism thing BE'grease', summer perspire many various skin disease light or good, autumn perspire little metabolism thing metabolism don't go out, various skin disease made, this be the skin machine body of various burning disease.

皮肤机体的生理为了维持内环境稳定，而排出身体代谢产生的代谢物是'油泥'，夏天出汗多各种皮肤病就轻或好了，秋天出汗少代谢物代谢不出去，各种皮肤病就犯了，这就是皮肤机体的各种炎症。

If I had anything tender in me, I shot it dead.

如果我有什么招标的话，我枪死亡。