查询词典 estimate error

In chapter three,we consider first order generalized difference scheme for linear Sobolev equation in two dimensions.Lp and W1,p-norm error estimates of the Ritz-Volterra projection u-Vhu and W1,p-norm super error estimate of uh-Vhu are made,so we obtain Lp and W1,p-norm error estimatesOf u-uh.

第三章考虑二维线性Sobolev方程的一阶广义差分格式，建立 Ritz－Volterra投影模误差估计和的模超收敛估计，从而得到的最优模误差估计。

Fist, comprehensive analysis on the current study on data processing is made, and characters of Newton methods about nonlinear surveying and mapping data processing are discussed, and then new solutions to parameters estimate with multi-sources, multi-types, multi-dimension, multi-precision bynonlinear least square are presented such as PSB algorithm, digital continuation and generalized digital continuation algorithm, cone model method, tensor analysis method, GCMA(mixed algorithm of gradient method and conjugate gradient method), combining algorithm based on Newton method and gradient method and confidence region and so on, and a new fast difference iterative algorithm is proposed towards parameters estimation containing random parameters in nonlinear models, and a new solutions to nonlinear least squares surveying and mapping adjustment by parameters estimation both considering the random and nonrandom parameters is presented after studying on nonlinear data processing in deformation monitoring, and at last primary analysis on error propagation of spatial data is made and approximate error propagation formula and error analysis formula to length and area are proposed.

首先比较全面分析了目前测量数据处理理论的研究现状，讨论了牛顿类方法在处理非线性模型参数估计方面的特点，研究并给出了求解多源、多类型、多维、多精度、非线性最小二乘测量平差参数估计的若干种新方法，这包括PSB算法、数值延拓及其广义数值延拓算法、锥模型法、张量分析法、基于最速下降法和牛顿法的组合算法、基于最速下降

The title of this article is the estimate of the essential norm of a compositionoperator between Bloch-type spaces in the unit ball of C^n. That is to say, making useof the tool of the essential norm ,we get the upper estimate and the lower estimate ofthe composition operator which we have studied .In addition, we get a sufficient andnecessary condition for the composition operator to be compact.

本文主要讨论了单位球上Bloch型空间之间复合算子的本性模估计，即用本性模这个工具来研究复合算子并给出了我们所研究算子的本性模的上界和下界估计，并由此可以得到相应算子紧的充要条件。

In two-stage estimate, used orthogonal transformation to estimate aggregate average and fitting constants method to estimate variance which was unbiased.

在两步估计法中，利用正交变换得到了总平均的估计，然后采用拟合常数法得到了方差的估计，并证明了该估计是无偏估计。

In chapterⅡ, considering GLMMs data which the number of high units is different and the number of low units is small and unbalanced, we Conduct a series of simulations, the simulations show that regardless of the number of the level 2 units,the Bayesian estimate of random effects residual variance is more precise than PQL and the PQL estimation deviates from the true value seriously; In terms of the fixed effects estimates, When the number of level 2 units is 20, The mean and median of the Bayesian estimate is more precise than PQL,But With the number of level 2 units increase,the estimate of two methods is similar. Thus, in practical applications, we recommend the use of Bayesian method.

第二章针对不同高水平单位数，低水平数较小且不平衡的GLMMs数据，进行模拟研究，研究表明：无论水平2单位数的大小，贝叶斯方法随机效应残差方差估计值远比PQL法更接近真实值，PQL法严重偏离了真实值；而对固定效应参数估计值，当水平2单位数为20时，贝叶斯法各参数的均数和中位数均要较PQL法更接近真实值，而随着水平2单位数的增加，两种方法在估计固定效应参数时相差并不大，因而，在实际应用中，推荐采用贝叶斯法。

In.Chapters7-8, when the conditions for the exponential estimate are not satisfied, a local asymptotic estimate and a tail asymptotic estimate for the distributions of ladder height and supremum for the random walk are derived and non-exponential asymptotic forms for solutions of defectiverenewal equations are obtained.

在第七、八章中，首先给出了随机游动阶梯高度及极大值的局部估计和尾估计以及一瑕疵更新方程解的渐近估计，然后将结果应用到风险理论中，得到了一些新结论。

First make the subjects give either right or wrong responses to the same question with different b value. When estimating the abilities of the subjects with the use of one-parameter or two-parameter Logistic model, it is found that there exists two kinds of unfits.(2) Estimate the abilities of the subjects after introducing c parameter on the basis of the two-parameter model. The first unfit can be rectified. However, the second unfit still exists and the third unfit appears.(3) Then estimate again after introducing y parameter. It is discovered that the second unfit is rectified, but the first unfit still exists and the fourth unfit appears.(4) Form Logistic four-parameter model by introducing c parameter and y parameter at the same time and estimate one more time. This model makes all kinds of unfits, including the first, second, third and fourth unfits, rectified.

1设计这批被试分别做对或做错一道b值不同的试题，用Logistic单、双参数模型对被试进行能力估计时，发现被试能力估计存在着两类失拟现象；(2)在双参数模型基础上增加c参数，对被试进行能力估计，发现c参数能有效纠正第一失拟现象，然而仍然存在第二失拟现象，同时还存在第三失拟现象；(3)在双参数模型基础上增加γ参数，再对被试进行能力估计，发现γ参数能有效纠正第二失拟现象，而仍然存在第一失拟现象，同时还存在第四失拟现象；(4)同时增加c、γ参数形成Logistic四参数模型，再对被试进行能力估计，这时该模型对各类失拟现象，包括第一、第二、第三、第四失拟现象都具有良好拟合能力。

For the all classes of dies, if we analyse the fluctuate, tendency of increase and decrease and law which appeared in the die's whole life, we will find that the master of the error are changeless; the error that because the abrade of the cutter and impression will be as the cutter grinding times increased at the same time. And that will cause the error oversize gradually; and also have another part error are unconventional , unforeseen.

对各类冲模冲件误差在冲模整个寿命中出现的波动、增减趋向及规律等进行全面分析便可发现：冲件误差的主导部分是不变的；因刃口或型腔的自然磨损而出现的误差增量随冲模刃磨冲数增加而使这部分误差逐渐加大；还有部分误差的增量是非常规的、不可预见的。

Because of fault in operation and the precision of instrument,the defect error and accidental error are involved in the procession of data collection,the defect error that are brought by mistakes of people and influence of outside is large,the contingency error that are inevitably and randomicity is little.

在采集数据过程中，由于某些操作或仪器原因，往往使数据中包含人为错误，或外界干扰产生的量值较大的"过失误差"以及不可避免的带随机性质且量值较小的"偶然误差"。

After analyzing the main error sources in the system, it discusses the error separation and error compensation of parts of the error source.

在分析了系统的主要误差源后，本论文重点研究了部分测量误差的分离补偿与修正。

If you were not , and OS X just booted normally, have no fear.

如果你没有，和OS X刚刚启动通常，没有恐惧。

I only want to preserve our all .

我只想保存好我们的一切