查询词典 concepts

In the first charter , the development of Art of Using Concepts is stated in order to make readers know its proceedment. In the second charter ,the difference between the Art of Using Concepts and Apriorism and Expiricism in order to make readers understand the disparaty of Kant's Apriorism and Expiricism. In the third charter, the relation between true thinking and the Art of Using Concepts so that it's necessary that the Art of Using Concepts needs true thinking. In the former charter, the relation between practice and the Art of Using Concepts which indicates that the Art of Using Concepts is based on the practice.

在第一章中，阐述了"运用概念的艺术"的演化过程，主要是让读者了解一下"运用概念的艺术"的发展变化；第二章阐述了"运用概念的艺术"与先验论和经验论是根本对立的，这一章是为了让读者了解"运用概念的艺术"与康德的先验论，经验主义的区别；第三章主要阐述"运用概念的艺术"与"真实的思维"的关系，说明"运用概念的艺术"需要"真实的思维"；第四章主要阐述"运用概念的艺术"与实践的关系，说明"运用概念的艺术"是建立在实践的基础上的。

The cognitive confict.﹡The change of preconcept. While summarizing the concept research abroard, the dissertation studies the teaching of Physics concepts in China and understands how the teachers instuct the Physics concepts in the classroom.﹡Basically indentifying the importance in teaching Physics concepts.﹡Knowing the existence of pre-concepts in the students'mind to some dgree.﹡Lacking the teaching methods to change pre-concepts in the students'mind.

笔者在总结国外概念研究的同时，也在关注国内的物理概念转变教学，并用问卷调查了07年江苏省物理新课程培训的一线物理教师，总结了一线教师对于物理概念转变教学的认识：﹡对于物理概念的教学重要性有一定的认识；﹡对于学生所具有的前概念有一定的了解；﹡对于学生前概念的转变缺乏科学的认识。

The findings show how the students understanding the concept of complex number and other related concepts:(1) The concepts of complex number is understood from the perspective of algebraic expression;(2) The concepts of complex number is understood from the perspective of geometry;(3) The concepts of complex number is understood comprehensively.

结果显示，学生对复数及其一些概念的理解呈现三个侧面：（1）代数式子意义上理解的复数；（2）几何意义上理解的复数；（3）整体意义上理解的复数。

CBFEC emphasizes direct correspondence of concepts in EC with its software architecture for ease of understanding and using; minimal coupling with specific problem structure for easy adaptation it to solve a large number of wholly different problems; interface-centered design for extendibility. To achieve those objects, the problem-solving method of EC is analyzed and the problem-solving procedure of EC is divided into three interactive aspects: population-based stochastic searching mechanism, problem specific information to implicitly guide the stochastic searching, and the observation and control of the computation procedure of EC. Then the key concepts of EC are identified in those three aspects; the normal implementations of those concepts are summarized; the interfaces represents those concepts in software are abstracted; the collaborations of components through those interfaces are designed. CBFEC is implemented on mainstream component software platform COM/DCOM (Component Object Model/Distributed COM from Microsoft), which includes interfaces definitions, commonly using EC components implemented those interfaces, such as Simply EA component, Steady State EA component, EA component, EA component, Population component, Tournament Selection component, Linear Ranking Selection component, Nonlinear Ranking Selection component, Random Number Generator component, etc, and the collaborations of those components through those interfaces.

具体的做法是把演化计算看作是基于组件的软件工程的一个应用领域：首先分析了演化计算求解问题的一般思路和方法，把演化计算问题求解过程分为："设计基于群体的随机搜索机制"、"研究问题的性质并以此隐含地定义算法的搜索方向"和"求解过程的观察与控制"三个部分；然后分别找出各个部分中的关键概念，总结这些概念现有的一般实现方法，抽取其本质，以此结合设计模式来定义组件软件的接口；通过分析演化计算各个概念之间的相互联系来设计组件软件间通过接口的进行交互的方式；最后还在目前一种主流组件软件开发平台COM／DCOM（微软提出的组件对象模型）的基础上实现了常用的演化计算组件，如简单演化算法组件、稳态演化算法组件、演化算法组件、演化算法组件、种群组件、锦标赛选择策略组件、线性排名选择策略组件、非线性排名选择策略组件、随机数发生器组件等等。

In this book, Haywood stresses the importance of concepts in politics specially and gives his original interpretation. He analyzes the special problems in the practical application of political concepts and the distinction between normative concepts and descriptive concepts.

在这部著作中，海伍德强调了政治概念的特殊重要性并对此进行了独到的解释；探讨了政治概念在实际应用中存在的特殊问题并进行了有深度的分析；对"规范性概念"和"描述性概念"进行了富有启发意义的区分与阐释。

First,this paper researched its theoretical basis, definition,construction method of concept latices and the relationship between formal concept analysis and ontology.Second,the real estate\'s formal background was constructed based on the concepts from correlative real estate domain text.In the formal background,the objects are the documents and the properties are the ontology concepts.Finally,the concepts and classification relationships between concepts were structured in the form of concept latices and translated into real estate ontology.

本文首先探讨了形式概念分析的理论基础、定义及其概念格的构建方法及其形式概念分析与本体间的联系；然后在此基础上，通过从房地产领域文本中获得反映该领域的概念中构造出房地产的形式背景；最后通过概念格结构化概念以及概念之间的分类关系，并将其转化为房地产本体。

The essential problem of KBOOA are acquirement and organization of knowledge about the application domain. First of all, we recognize objects according to their outside characteristics and build stable concepts structures. In this way, the attributes and behaviors of any objects are treated as objects as well. The concepts are organized in hierarchies, the concepts' semantics are demostrated in the form of conceptual graphs. As hierarchy structure has inheritance, the system has ability to recognize and reuse concepts, analyze and reason the acquired information according to the existing knowledge, understand the problem space and present the system's functions and characteristics to the analysts and users in the form of scenarios. The main means of transforming informal requirements to formal ones is to recognize objects according to their outside characteristics, recognize attributes according to their functional dependence and describe the semantics of objects, behavior and attribute's relationship's because there is a automatic map from the descriptions of attributes and behaviors to class structures. It is difficult to transfer from OOA to OOD, We disscussed the modularity of Object-Oriented programs according to the principles of software engineering and presented the methods to decrease couplings and increase cohesions, i.

KBOOA以知识的获取、组织为中心问题，首先依据对象的外特性识别对象，并将属性和行为也作为对象处理，从而建立起较稳定的概念结构；KBOOA以层次的方法组织概念，以概念图的形式描述概念的语义，利用层次结构的继承特性，使系统具有识别、重用概念的能力，根据已有知识对系统所获信息进行分析、推理，产生对问题空间的理解，并以想定的形式向分析师、用户展示系统功能、性能，从而构成了一个交互式的，具有一定智能的需求分析环境；依据外特性识别对象，依据函数依赖关系识别属性，用概念图描述对象、行为及属性关联，是将需求由非形式化形式向形式化形式转换的主要手段，使属性及行为描述可向类型结构自动映射，为提高需求分析的自动化程度提供了依据。

It can be inferred from the analysis of the two languages that people employ things they are familiar with to refer to abstract concepts, for example, the spatial concepts of UP and DOWN can be used for abstract concepts like NUMBER, STATUS, QUALITY etc.

两种语言中UP，DOWN空间概念的使用是人们遵循"近取诸身，远取诸物"的原则，将空间域的概念投射到数量，社会地位，情绪状态以及好坏等抽象概念域，以减小认知难度的结果。隐喻的使用和理解符合人类认知的普遍规律。

Departing from basic concepts of cardinal numbers and their numbering orders, the paper differentiated and analyzed some concepts easy to be confused related to binary system, pointing out that the introduced concepts of ordinals played an important role in the development of modern mathematics.

本文从数及其记数法的基本概念出发，辨析了与二进位制相关的几个容易混淆的概念，指出序数概念的引入在近代数学中有重要意义，作为邵雍数学学派的数学基础，先天易是数学史上第一个专门定义的序数体系，该序数体系在数学史上率先采用了二进位制记数法

Departing from basic concepts of cardinal numbers and their numbering orders, the paper differentiated and analyzed some concepts easy to be confused related to binary system, pointing out that the introduced concepts of ordinals played an important role in the development of modern mathematics. As the foundation of SHAO Yong's mathematics, the primordial Yi , in the history of mathematics, exhibits the first specially defined ordinal system, in which the binary numbering method was used at the first time.

本文从自然数及其记数法的基本概念出发，辨析了与二进位制相关的几个容易混淆的概念，指出序数概念的引入在近代数学发展中有重要意义，作为邵雍数学学派的数学基础，先天易是数学史上第一个专门定义的序数体系，该序数体系在数学史上率先采用了二进位制记数法。

Bob Eckert has been chairman and chief executive of Mattel for eight years.

美泰董事长兼首席执行官鲍勃·埃克尔特在任已8年。

The outlook for honors and disgraces carries on and surpasses the traditional outlook for honors and disgraces theoretically, and carries on and develops the theory of construction of socialist mora...

社会主义荣辱观的提出在理论上是对传统荣辱观的一次继承和超越，是对社会主义道德建设理论的继承和发展，在实践上有利于形成良好的社会风尚。