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By utilizing the concepts and methods developed in Algebra Topology,Algebra Geometry and Algebra Representations,we first depicted the concepts and results of Incidence Algebra which reflects the linear structure of underlying posets and Sheaf theory which reflects the topological structure of underlying poset in the framework of Category Theory.

本文综合运用了代数拓扑、代数几何及代数表示论里发展起来的概念与方法，首先在范畴的框架下，对和偏序集的线性结构密切相关的Incidence代数，及与偏序集的拓扑结构紧密联系的层，进行了刻画。

Based on the contrast of several sets of physical teaching materials of engineering, according to differences in preface, contents, illustrations, knowledge points, examples and exercises, applicability, readability and teachability, looking for several problems in current teaching materials, for instance, the contents are staleness, and the concepts and methods of modern physical are outmoded, and the concepts and methods of modern physical aren't reflected duly; it is not very good to join with physical teaching materials of middle school in our country, and it is only easily repeated in some of contents.

本文通过国内几套工科物理教材的对比研究，从前言，内容，插图，知识点，例题习题，适用性，可读性，可教性等方面的差异，寻找现行教材存在的问题如：内容陈旧，近代物理概念和方法没有得到应有的反映，与我国中学物理教育衔接不好，不少内容只是简单重复等。

In the process of teaching, the researcher uses 5E's learning cycle as the teaching method. With the help of the interaction between parents and teachers and group cooperation, the learners express their complex ideas by holding discussions, making observations and reports on the platform, criticizing other groups' viewpoints. Thus, they can challenge the conflict between their original knowledge and new concepts. Then they can be induced to develop new concepts and have a better idea of the concept about plant growth.

概念改变教学的结果发现当研究者运用5E学习环作为教学策略，学生透过亲师间的互动、并以小组合作的方式表达出复杂的想法，於课程中进行讨论、观察、上台报告与对其他学生论点的批判，挑战自己原有知识与新的概念之间所产生的矛盾，诱使其进一步建构出新的概念，加深对植物生长概念的认识。

However, as far as the concrete contents of the tradition (Confucian high-culture, Taoism or traditional popular culture) and the relation of Chinese culture to world civilization (particularistic concepts of a specific Chinese culture or universalistic concepts of a world-wide humanistic civilization) are concerned, these independent currents are far from homogenous and can be traced back in each case to the Republican discourse on cultural and historical identity.

然而，就中国传统文化的具体内容（儒家主流文化、道家文化或其他盛行的文化）和中国文化与世界文明的关系（特定中国文化的独特理念或世界范围内人类文明的普遍理念）而言，这些独立的思潮又绝非同质的，在每一股思潮中我们都可回溯到共和主义关于文化的和历史认同的叙述。

The dissertation considers that there is an inner relationship between various elements of e- ducology and a given culture, which produces"the culturalcharacter of educology". Educational problems have factual bases, but their nature should be considered as subjectivity, valuableness, and historicity, which distinguish educational problems from educational facts and related prob- lems of other disciplines. Besides having a logical feature of scientific concepts, the nature of edu- cational concepts should be considered as historicity, normativity, valuableness and expressivity. Educological activity is a kind of subjective activity. The subjects of educology are not only the subjects of knowledge, but also the subjects of value and practice. Educological works are products of their whole soul life, which embody their life and social ideals.

本文阐明，教育学活动的诸要素与一定的文化之间存在着内在的关联，具有文化特征，构成教育学的文化性格：教育问题有它客观的事实基础，但是教育问题的质是它的主观性、价值性、历史性，这是教育问题与教育事实以及相关学科问题的分界线；教育概念除了一般科学概念所具有的逻辑特性以外，在质上是一类历史性、规范性、价值性与表达性的概念；教育学活动是一种主体的活动，这种主体在活动中不仅是认识的主体，更是价值的主体和实践的主体，因此，教育学著作是他们整个心灵生活的结晶，体现着他们的人生和社会理想。

Major topics covered are: basic concepts of probability, sample space and events, axioms of probability, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, joint and marginal distributions, numerical characteristic for random variables, the weak law of large numbers, central limit theorem, basic concepts of statistics, parameter estimate, hypothesis testing and regression analysis.

本课程的基本内容有：随机事件及其概率、随机变量及其分布、多维随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征、大数定律与极限定理、数理统计的基础知识、参数估计、假设检验、回归分析。

Firstly, in this paper the importance and necessity for the land using data sharing have been expatiated amply. The land using data sharing, which refers to two main concepts, has been summarized. The two concepts are acquisition and processing of land using data as well as application of land using data. In WebGIS, there are two corresponding roles, namely, data yielder and data user or consumer.

本论文首先详细阐述了土地利用数据共享的重要性和必要性，并总结土地利用数据共享活动涉及了两个主要概念：土地利用数据的获取与处理、土地利用数据的应用，在WebGIS中即对应两个角色：数据提供者和数据使用者即用户。

No conceptual analysis . Some concepts are analyzable functionally, or in terms of the concepts of physics.

没有概念分析：一些概念是功能上可分析的，或根据物理概念。

Perhaps even some mental concepts can be given functional or physical analyses. But consciousness is not one of these analyzable concepts.

或许，即使有一些精神概念能被功能的或物理的分析，但意识概念不是可分析的。

On the one hand, the component method is introduced into flowchart design, which can not only enlarge the depth and the connotation of the flowchart, but also extend the traditional concepts of the flowchart. By combining the component method and the objectoriented method, it will be easy to illustrate the industry flow and meet with the future requirements of the industry control software. On the other hand, the trajectory concepts in plane moving, the method of using Bezier Curve to approach the 1/4 arc to implement the arc circumrotation, the method of using graphic elements' combination to extend the expression capability, and the method of combining the graphic elements'combination, three-dimensional graphic elements and bitmaps to realize the three-dimensional effects to express the industry flow more realistic are brought forward in this dissertation.

工控软件中最能够体现人机接口设计创造性的画面当属流程图，本文对流程图设计进行了深入研究，提出了一种工控软件流程图设计的新方法：一方面在流程图设计中引入部件化方法，扩展流程图的深度与内涵，延伸了流程图的传统概念与意义，将部件化技术与面向对象技术相结合，能够更好地实现对工艺过程的描述并适应工控软件的未来发展要求；另一方面对流程图中动画关联和三维化这些新兴领域进行了研究，提出了平移动画中的&轨道&概念，以实现图元的沿曲线平移，提出了在圆弧旋转动画中用Bezier曲线逼近〓圆弧的工程化方法，并用最小二乘法进行了验证和工程化参数的获取，实现了利用图元组合来扩展流程图的表达能力，采用了图元组合、三维图元和位图相结合的方法来实现逼真的三维效果，以使工控软件更加符合人机工学，更能形象地反映工艺流程。

We have limited budget let me know if you can do this competitively.

我们有限的预算让我知道如果你能做到这一点竞争力。

We don't know how other critters breathe--lizards, for example.

我们还不知道诸如蜥蜴之类的动物如何呼吸。