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Compared with the existing finite element eigenanalysis method[8]for asymptotic fields near the crack tip, current method has the following several characteristics: The jump-off that educes the virtue work formula is different; when solving the characteristic formula with FEM, the form of the element is non-confirming element; the singular transformation technique is not used in the assumption of displacement fields surrounding the wedge tip.

该方法与过去的有限元特征分析方法[8]相比的显著特点是：导出虚功原理的出发点不同；有限元单元形式为非协调元；楔形体端部邻域内的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术。

There are the following several points different from existing finite element eigenanalysis methods for asymptotic fields near the crack tip:(1)The jump-off that educes the formula is different.(2)The form of the element is a ad hoc element.(3)The singular transformation technique is not used in the assumption of displacement fields surrounding the wedge tip.

该方法与过去原有求解裂纹端部近似场的有限元特征分析方法有几点不同：(1)导出公式的出发点不同；(2)单元形式为高次内插单元；(3)尖劈端部邻域内的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术。

If the type of the substitutable element is the same as the type of the head element you will not have to specify the type of the substitutable element.

如果替代元素的类型和标题元素的类型相同，你就不需要再指明替代元素的类型了。

VBox child the element is perpendicular layout; Each stature element is drawn advanced of an element below.

VBox子元素垂直布局；每一个子元素都被画在前一个元素的下面。

Quadratic finite volume element method s for the air pollution model in one-dimensional;2. The two-grid algorithm of the finite volume element method for second-order indefinite elliptic problems;3. A fally discrete finite volume element method is given for one-dimensional two-phase incompressible flow in porous media.

在初始网格剖分上采取分段线性函数空间作为有限体积元方法的试探函数空间，在相应的对偶网格上采取分段常数函数空间作为其检验函数空间，对一维不可压缩两相渗流驱动问题提出了全离散有限体积元方法，并得到L2-模误差估计。

The spectral element method based on a weak elastic mechanical equation extends the equation in the form of spectral with the idea of the finite element method. So it combines the advantages of the finite element method with the ones of the pseudospectral method.

谱元法是基于弹性力学方程的弱形式，运用有限元的思想在单元上进行谱展开，理论上该方法具备有限元适应任意复杂介质模型的韧性和伪谱法的精度。

In practice, flat shell element can be constructed by the simple combination of new plate bending element with plane elasticity element.

在实践上可以将新板弯曲单元与已有的平面弹性单元简单叠合来构造平板壳单元；在理论上则概括为平行列式的概念，即平板壳单元的膜、板两部分在相互平行的位移函数空间和弯矩函数空间上分别列式。

An XML element is everything from the element's start tag to the element's end tag.

一个 XML元素的所有内容是元素的起始标签和终止标签之间的一切内容（起始、终止标签也包含其中）。

In this paper, finite element method is used to analyze the sinusoidal buckling of drill-strings with connectors in straight well bore. Three kinds of beam elements, one of them is a newly established transition element, are adopted in the finite element model.

本文运用有限元法分析了直井中考虑接头与井壁接触时钻柱的正弦屈曲，有限元模型采用三种不同类型的梁单元，其中一种是新建立的过渡单元。

Four aspects of research achievements include:(1)several imaging correction methods and strained estimation methods for biological tissues elasticity imaging were investigated as well as elasticity reconstruction and phantom, in vitro and in vivo elasticity imaging experiments;(2)in the fields of biological microsystem and perfusion evaluation for microvascular system, three kinds of microbubbles whose shell are albumin, sugar ester and surfactant respectively were designed and produced, then the methods to estimate the thickness of their shells were presented, moreover, the interacting mechanism of ultrasound contrast agents and tissues, as well as protein drug delivery under the condition of ultrasound sonification were studied in the molecular level;(3) At the aspect of high intensity focused ultrasound therapy system, we designed and constructed the 256-element HIFU transducers using 1-3 composite materials. And furthermore we developed the integrated HIFU system with 256-element HIFU transducers. And we made preliminary and important progresses in the research of HIFU bioeffect, lesion estimation, techniques of monitoring and imaging and characterizing of structure of HIFU transducer;(4)The real-time method of voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation of physiological parameters was investigated in the field of medical rehabilitation. We addressed the physiology and biophysics of vocalization, modeled voice source regeneration based on compensative regulation mechanism, and put forward an integrated evaluation about the speech rehabilitation and the regenerated voice source; Sixty-one archived journal papers were published, as well as ten in international journals, and eighteen publications were embodied by SCI.

成果包括：（1）在生物组织弹性成像方面，研究了多种图像校正方法和应变估计方法，进行了弹性重构和仿体、离体及在体超声弹性成像实验研究；（2）在生物微系统和微血管血流灌注成像方面，制备了三种不同包膜超声造影微泡，研究了纳米包膜厚度检测与估计方法以及不同纳米包膜造影微泡断裂与药物释放机制，并在分子层次上开展了超声与生物组织相互作用机制以及蛋白质药物超声乳化微囊包裹的研究；（3）在阵列式高强聚焦超声治疗与监控成像技术方面，设计制作了新的HIFU换能器，解决了256阵元单焦点和多焦点合成HIFU治疗系统关键技术问题，并在HIFU生物效应与创伤性评价方法、HIFU过程监控成像技术和薄层复合结构与HIFU 换能器界面特性评价等方面的研究取得了初步而重要的进展，具有重要应用前景；（4）在语音听觉系统特别是嗓音康复方面，研究了基于发声系统补偿调节机制的实时多模式嗓音源再生方法和发声生理，建立基于神经、肌肉和空气动力系统的综合补偿调节模型，提出了相应的评价系统。

Molecular Distillation is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.

分子蒸馏技术是一种在高真空条件下进行的连续蒸馏过程，适合于分离高沸点、热敏性及具有生物活性的混合物。

They are to the Noughties what yuppies were to the Eighties .

那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了