黑穗病

In 2007 and 2008, 302 new maize varieties from Yunnan Province were identified for their head smut resistance by the inoculation with soil carrying 1% teliospore in two disease nurseries.

采用1%冬孢子制作的带菌土接种方法于2007年和2008年在两个病圃鉴定了云南省302份玉米新品种对丝黑穗病的抗性。

Most populations tested had good adaptability in Heilongjiang province,and BSCAD-3 and BS12CH1C8 have good performance in grain yield and yield components and head smut resistance which could be used in breeding program.

农艺性状鉴定表明，大部分供试群体在黑龙江省具有较好的适应性，其中群体BSCAD-3和BS12CH1C8的产量、产量构成因子及对玉米丝黑穗病抗性等性状表现较好，在育种中可优先利用。

Leaves high resistance to disease, anti-size spot disease resistance in Head Smut.

高抗红叶病，抗大小斑病，中抗丝黑穗病。

The result suggested that in all lines sellected from semi-exotic populations constructed by crossing CIMMYT germplasm Pob46 and Pob45 with lines in Heilongjiang province, more than a half of them were middle resistant to head smut and the high resistance accounted for 35.9%.

结果表明在用CIMMYT种质Pob45和Pob46与黑龙江省部分自交系杂交构建的半外来群体的选系中，对丝黑穗病中抗及其以上的选系占一半以上，其中高抗占35.9%。

The result suggested that Pob46 was a good resistance resource to head smut for the lowest incidence rate itself and in test combination, and Pob45 was also a relative resistance resource for the lower incidence rate itself and in test combination.

结果表明Pob46自身的发病率最低，测交组合的平均发病率也最低，是一个对丝黑穗病有较好抗性的CIMMYT种质资源；Pob45自身的发病率稍高，但测交组合的平均发病率不高，也是一个有一定利用价值的CIMMYT种质资源。

After the introduction of Huangzaosi which is the representative of Tangsepingtou Germplasm,according to the disadvantages of Huangzaosi in Jilin province,we had done a lot of work to improve the resistance to maize head smut and other diseases,the production and the grain quality.

塘四平头种质代表系黄早四引入吉林省后，针对黄早四在吉林省的缺点进行大量的改良工作，改良其对玉米丝黑穗病和其它病害的抗性、自身产量及子粒品质。

The genetic distances to resistant gene are 9.6 cM and 10.4 cM, respectively. The resistance to sorghum head smut physiological race 3 may be controlled by two mutual independent nonallelic genes, and there is interaction between them. It is found that molecular markers are easier to find in B population than R population during the screening of SSR markers. It may show the different resistance mechanism between restorer line and maintainer line.

高粱对丝黑穗病菌3号生理小种的抗性可能受2对彼此独立的非等位基因控制，并且基因之间存在着互作；筛选SSR标记时发现，高粱抗丝黑穗病基因的分子标记较易在保持系群体中找到，在恢复系群体中DNA片段多态性较少，表明恢复系和保持系在抗性机制上可能存在差异。

Lines of"CP"and"HoCP"are early varieties, and they showed high sucrose content and high resistance to smut disease, mosaic disease and drought, and can be used as parents for crossing with varieties of high yield and large stem to breed new varieties.

本研究中的"CP"、"HoCP"系列品种早熟、高糖，且黑穗病、花叶病的抗性强，耐旱性较强，可尝试用作亲本与我国的高产大茎品种杂交选育新品种。

The most important diseases are caused by fungi,eg Ustilago Scitaminea Syd.However sugarcane is a nonsexual propagation crop with highly ployploidy and complex genetic background,breeding pathogens-resistance cultivals by using traditoonal breeding techniques will be a formidable task.

甘蔗是我国最为重要工业原料作物，近年来由于高产、高糖甘蔗品种的大面积使用，又缺乏相应的抗病品种，甘蔗病害日益严重，尤其是甘蔗的黑穗病、梢腐病等真菌病害常在蔗区大面积流行，严重影响甘蔗的产量和质量。

Positive significant correlation between three infection indexes and SDD, and negative insignificant correlation between infection indexes and LIP were found. Fifteen sugarcane varieties could be divided into 6 groups on the basis of the distance more than 1.0. It resulted most ot tested sugarcane varieties had similar smut resistance. It suggested that smut race 1 and race 2 were included in inocula and the condition for Ustilago scitaminea infection was suitable in the crop season by setting up the standard varieties of NCo310, F134, NCo376 and Ya71-374 for smut identification. In addition, the results of sugarcane varieties resistant to smut race 1 and race2 were known by only a simple field trial.

结果显示：9个引进甘蔗品种中，ROC26属于感病品种，其余属于抗病或高抗品种；3个病情指数和持续发病期的两两相关均为显著正相关，潜伏侵染期与这些参数的相关为负相关，但未达到显著水平；在类间距离大于1.0的条件下，可将15个品种聚为6类，进一步明确了各品种抗黑穗病性的相似程度；抗性鉴定标准对照种NCo310、F134、NCo376和Ya71-374的应用，明确了接种源为小种1和小种2，通过一次接种试验，明确了供试品种对2个小种的抗性水平，标准对照种的抗性表现，还说明了本生长季发病条件基本是适宜的。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。