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The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

They had received her doubtingly, if not coolly; and nothing beyond the merest commonplace had been talked almost all the time - till just at last, when mrs. martin's saying, all of a sudden, that she thought miss smith was grown, had brought on a more interesting subject, and a warmer manner. in that very room she had been measured last september, with her two friends.

直至谈 话快要结束时，马丁太太突然话锋一转，她觉得史密斯小姐长高了，这才引出了一个比较感兴趣的话题，态度也不像先前那么冷漠了，她们呆的那间房子正是去年九月她跟她的两位朋友量过个子的地方，她们还在窗户旁的护壁板上用铅笔做了标记，并写了备忘录，那是他在上面画的，那个日子，那个时刻，那几个人，那个场合等等好像都历历在目。

Applications;Cap gauges;Checks;Connectors;Contact pins;Design;Designations;Dimensions;Electric contacts;Electric lamps;Electrical engineering;Gauges;General lighting service lamps;Go-gauges;IEC;IEC cap gauges;IEC gauges;IEC holder gauges;IEC lamp caps;IEC lampholders;Illumination engineering;Insertion force;Inspection;Lamp caps;Lampholder gauges;Lampholders;Lamps;Lighting plants;Lighting systems;Measuring instruments;Minimum retention force;Motor vehicles;Multilingual;Non-interchangeability;Not-go gauges;Recordings;Replaceability;Retention force;Safety;Safety engineering;Testing;Tolerances;Use;Withdrawal force

中文主题词国际电工委员会；最小的保持力；非互换性；电灯；连接器；灯头量规；IEC灯头量规；IEC灯座；使用；应用；检验；检验；量规；安全工程；尺寸；记录；电气工程；照明系统；测量仪器；多语种的；照明工程；安全；IEC灯头；机动车；名称与符号；设计；灯座量规；照明设备；可置换性；普通照明灯；公差；过端量规；触针；灯座；IEC量规；保持力；拔出力；灯；IEC灯座量规；不过端量规；试验；电触点；插入力；灯头

First,the content of surfactant should be more than 18 percent and the content of anion surfactant should be kept in proper proportion to the content of nonionic surfactant. Second,the content of zinc naphthenate should be kept in directly proportional to the content of other surfactant. Third,the content of rosin shouldnt too higher and the content of oleic acid should be kept in directly proportional to the content of rosin. Fourth,the content of water should be kept in a low level (less than 8%);otherwise emulsifier oil will delaminate. In addition,the requisite content of sodium heavy alkyl benzene sulfonate is higher than petroleum sulfonate.

试验表明在以松香、重烷磺酸钠、石油磺酸钠为主要乳化剂时，要获得优良的乳化液，需满足以下几个条件：(1)需在乳化油配方中加入适量的乳化剂，且其中阴离子乳化剂总量与非离子乳化剂总量的应保持适当的比例；(2)乳化油中环烷酸锌的量与其它乳化剂总量要保持正比关系；(3)乳化油中松香的量不易过大，且油酸的加入量应与松香量成正比；(4)乳化油中水分含量不易过高(一般不能大于8％)，过高时稳定性不好，易分层。

A series of SiW_(12)/AC catalysts with different silicotungstic acid loadings supported on acti- vated carbon which was treated with 10% HNO_3 solution were prepared by an impregnation method and the catalytic performance of SiW_(12)/AC for the synthesis of trioxane were investigated.

以10%硝酸溶液处理过的活性炭为载体，采用不同质量分数的硅钨酸SiW_(12溶液为浸渍液，制备了不同负载量的SiW_(12)/AC催化剂，考察了催化剂在合成三聚甲醛中的催化性能，并用XRD、FT-IR、NH_3- TPD、BET、TG-DSC等手段对SiW_(12)/AC催化剂晶粒大小、催化剂表面的酸量及酸强度、比表面积及热稳定性等微观特性进行了表征。

Four goats (42.4±3.5 kg) surgically fitted with cannulas in common bile duct and abomasal were used in 4×4 Latin square design and randomly fed diets contained 20%, 30%, 40% or 50% of starch to determine the effects of rumen escape starch, by altering dietary starch concentration, onα-amylase secretion in goats. Increasing rumen escape starch results in a quadratic increase in pancreaticα-amylase secretion.

活体分泌试验表明，日喂3次情况下，胰胆汁分泌量和α-淀粉酶分泌活性呈非匀速分泌，在饲喂前后1h内最高(P.05)；胰腺α-淀粉酶总分泌活性随随过瘤胃淀粉数量的提高呈二次曲线变化(P.05)，过瘤胃淀粉为102g/d时胰腺α-淀粉酶总分泌量达到最大。

Inner Mongolian semi-fine wool wethers fitted with permanent cannules at the rumen were used to investigate the amount of rumen bypass starch and its digestibility in(energy feed, protein feed, high quality and low quality forage) by in situ technique.

所测饲料过瘤胃淀粉量玉米和玉米淀粉最高，分别为417.85和404.84，肋麦野豌豆和玉米秸最低，分别为47.55和24.43，其它饲料的过瘤胃淀粉量分别为：能量饲料麸皮226.31，蛋白质饲料麻粕110.56，棉粕108.61，优质粗饲料苜蓿干草73.50，羊草50.87。

Bellows Gate Valves However, in large differential pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator load requirements of the fluid volume decreased, but the actual situation the contrary, in the suction superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator outlet pressure be reduced accordingly, pressure changes above and below the diaphragm, causing the main valve opening increases for increased fluid; but in a small pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure rise, evaporator load demand for fluid volume increased, but the reality is that in the suction gas superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure rise, a corresponding increase in the evaporator outlet pressure, pressure difference above and below the diaphragm smaller, so that the main valve opening decreased for the reduction of liquid volume; in variable load is all about.

但在大压差工况下，蒸发压力降低，蒸发器负荷需求的液量减少，但实际情况相反，在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力降低，蒸发器出口压力相应降低，膜片上下的压差变大，使主阀开度增大，供液量增加；但在小压差工况下，蒸发压力上升，蒸发器负荷需求的液量增多，但实际情况是在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力上升，蒸发器出口压力相应提高，膜片上下的压差变小，使主阀开度减小，供液量减少；在变负荷下亦如此。

However, in large differential pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator load requirements of the fluid volume decreased, but the actual situation the contrary, in the suction superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure has eased, the evaporator outlet pressure be reduced accordingly, pressure changes above and below the diaphragm, causing the main valve opening increases for increased fluid; but in a small pressure operating conditions, evaporation pressure rise, evaporator load demand for fluid volume increased, but the reality is that in the suction gas superheat unchanged, due to evaporation pressure rise, a corresponding increase in the evaporator outlet pressure, pressure difference above and below the diaphragm smaller, so that the main valve opening decreased for the reduction of liquid volume; in variable load is all about.

但在大压差工况下，蒸发压力降低，蒸发器负荷需求的液量减少，但实际情况相反，在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力降低，蒸发器出口压力相应降低，膜片上下的压差变大，使主阀开度增大，供液量增加；但在小压差工况下，蒸发压力上升，蒸发器负荷需求的液量增多，但实际情况是在吸气过热度不变的情况下，由于蒸发压力上升，蒸发器出口压力相应提高，膜片上下的压差变小，使主阀开度减小，供液量减少；在变负荷下亦如此。因此热力膨胀阀在变工况下供液量的调节方面需进一步改进。

In the actual production, the amount of nitrogen can neither too high nor too low, further more, different types of species, require different volume of nitrogen and planting density.

实际生产中，施氮量既不能过高，也不能过低，而且不同类型的品种，对施氮量和栽插密度的要求有所不同。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。