速度函数

Samples in transitions of filters are optimized, which solves the problem that values obtained by look-up table method are not optimums. Aiming at prematureness appearing easily when GQA is used to optimize continuous functions with many peaks, IGQA is proposed.

针对遗传量子算法在优化连续多峰函数时易出现早熟的问题，提出一种改进遗传量子算法，典型函数测试表明，IGQA的性能优于GQA和其它几种遗传算法，收敛速度快，全局寻优能力强，能有效地克服早熟现象。

But the projection used in gradient projection method is an orthogonal projection which does not contain the second derivative information of objective and constrained functions,thus the convergence rate of gradient projection method is not contented.

但是，梯度投影法所采用的投影是正交投影，不包含目标函数和约束函数的二阶导数信息·因而；收敛速度不太令人满意。

An extra force is produced using the piecewise-constant MS model during the segmenting. In each time step, the additional force is added to reinitialize the level set function, advance the speed of the curve evolution. Otherwise, a nonlinear function Ψ is introduced to instead of u+ and u-for edge preserving in MS model.

该方法在分割过程中利用分段常数MS模型产生一种驱动力，在每个时间间隔加入这种驱动力来推动水平集函数的进化，提高曲线演化速度；另外，通过在MS模型中引入一个非线性函数Ψ代替u+和u-实现保边。

Because the special points can be regarded as features,and used as references in segmentation and alignment.This paper proposed an approach based on approximate string match to match the sequence of special points.

实现签名认证的方法大体上可以分为两类，第一类是从签名样本中提取一些全局参数作为特征，第二类则把签名样本的整个信号序列，如坐标序列ux，uy、压力序列up、速度序列uv等看作是时间的函数，把这些函数作为签名的特征[4~6]。

The traditional mean shift algorithm requires a symmetric kernel, such as a circle or a rectangle, and assumes that the target's scale is symmetric during the course of tracking. The pixels are used on the edge as the samples, about 5% to 10% of the total pixels in the kernel.

与采用对称核函数的均值迁移目标跟踪算法相比，采用目标边缘点作为核函数中的样本点，参与计算的样本点为核窗口中样本的5%~10%，使图像处理速度达到了50帧/s以上，满足了实时跟踪的要求。

The traditional mean shift algorithm requires a symmetric kernel, such as a circle or a rectangle, and assumes that the target's scale is symmetric during the course of tracking.

与采用对称核函数的均值迁移目标跟踪算法相比，采用目标边缘点作为核函数中的样本点，参与计算的样本点为核窗口中样本的5%～10%，使图像处理速度达到了50 帧/s 以上，满足了实时跟踪的要求。

The feedback controls, including linear, speed, doubly-periodic function, hyperbolic function and trigonometric function are used to suppress chaos to one of the three unstable equilibrium. The Routh-Hurwtiz theorem is applied to derive the conditions of stability of the controlled system.

利用反馈控制方法，包括线性、速度、双周期函数、双曲函数和三角函数反馈控制方法将系统的混沌运动控制到稳定态，根据Routh-Huriwtz准则获得了系统达到控制目标时反馈系数所满足的条件。

According the experiential formulas of headbox to design the stepped diffuser headbox's geometry parameters. Supposing Paper suspension flow as potential flow and basing on hydrokinetic and computational fluid dynamics theories, we can solve the elliptoid partial differential equations which are followed by the flow functions and the potential functions by finite element method and simulate the flow's speed distribution with pde toolbox of matlab software. The simulate results and the flow analysis have good precision.

按照流浆箱的经验设计公式，设计阶梯扩散式流浆箱的各组件几何参数，以流体动力学、计算流体力学等理论为基础，假定浆流的流动为势流，采用有限元法求解浆流流动时其流函数和速度势函数所符合的椭圆型偏微分方程，应用matlab软件的偏微分方程工具包pde toolbox，模拟出所设计的流浆箱各组件内的浆流的流场流速分布，模拟结果与数值计算流动分析结果吻合。

The results of numerical analysis show that the elastic modular and the poisson ratio have no effect on two-dimensional bearing capacity, but can affect the ultimate bearing capacity of three-dimensional foundations and control the convergence and precision of finite element calculation; the earth pressure coefficient controls the geostatic stress of foundation, sequentially affects the ultimate bearing capacity of foundations and the convergence of numerical calculation. When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of undrained saturated foundation, the complete formulation exists shear locking, and reduce formulation exists hourglassing, so the hybrid formulation is suitable to imitate the geomaterial. When the soil obeys nonrelevent flow rule, the yielding function is different from potential function, and the elastic-plastic matrix of soil is asymmetric, so the unsymmetry numerical solver and appropriate finite element mesh is required.

研究结果表明，土体弹性模量和泊松比对二维基础极限承载力没有影响，但是影响着三维矩形基础的极限承载力，控制着ABAQUS数值算法的计算精度与收敛速度；地基土压力系数控制着地基土体中的地应力平衡，从而影响着二维条形基础和三维矩形基础的极限承载力和地基破坏包络面；对于不排水饱和软黏土地基，常规的完全积分单元会造成剪力自锁现象，而减缩积分单元则存在过于柔化的现象，故采用杂交单元来模拟较合适；当土体服从非关联流动法则时，屈服函数与塑性势函数之间存在差异，从而导致土体弹塑性矩阵呈现非对称性，在有限元计算中必须采用非对称数值解法，并且合理地划分单元才能对极限承载力进行准确求解。

Based on agents capability of perceiving and reacting on environment, MultiAgent Genetic Algorithm was proposed as a new method of function optimization. MAGA had a rapid convergence velocity especially when it optimized superhigh dimensional functions.

多智能体遗传算法是基于智能体对环境感知与反作用的能力提出的一种新的函数优化方法，具有很快的收敛速度，尤其是在优化超高维函数时更显示出了它的优越性。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。