还原炉

New type of water chemistry for utility drum boiler and its principle and characteristic Two kinds of water chemistry's main principle and characteristic are detailedly analyzed. Against the problem of high eroding speed, high Fe content in feed water and boiler water, high scaling speed, short chemical cleaning interval, needing poisonous chemical deoxidant, etc for drum boiler's deoxidization water chemistry and difficulty of using oxidation water chemistry, a new type of water chemistry is put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristic of whole power station's water steam cycle system, principle of two kinds of water chemistry and their practical effect in every cycle stage. Considering two water chemistry's merit, a new water chemistry called Limited Oxidation Water Chemistry is put forward, which is a local slight oxidization no-deoxidant water chemistry. And the proposed method's principle, control parameter, applying condition, start-lay up and emergency measures are initially calculated and analyzed.

三、新型汽包炉水化学工况的提出及其原理和特点详细分析了国内外现行两大类水化学工况处理的核心原理和特点，针对现行汽包炉还原性水化学工况处理所存在的系统腐蚀速度相对较大、给水和炉水铁浓度高、锅炉结垢速度快、机组酸洗间隔短、无法避免有毒化学除氧剂的使用以及氧化性水化学工况在汽包炉机组上应用的困难等问题，在详细分析电站整个水蒸汽循环系统的特点、两类水工况处理的原理和对循环中各段处理的实际效果等的基础上，综合两者的优点，提出了一种新型的局部轻微氧化性无除氧剂汽包炉水化学工况－"汽包炉有限氧化性水化学工况"处理原理，并初步计算、分析和确定了该种新型水化学工况的主要工艺控制参数、应用条件、启停与紧急情况处理等。

The influences of different metallization ,different oxidation and different gas temperatures on coal and oxygen consumption were studied.

研究了金属化率、氧化度、荒煤气温度对煤耗、氧耗和煤气量的影响；通过对熔化气化炉热平衡分析，了解热量的收入与支出项；通过对还原煤气气体成分的分析图，判断该气体成分能否满足竖炉的需求，通过调整操作参数更新还原煤气的煤气成分。

The invention relates to a method for adopting a compound reducing agent to reduce and decompose phosphogypsum; the method comprises the following steps of: using high-sulphur coal and coal gangue to prepare the compound reducing agent; utilizing tail gas to dry the phosphogypsum and the compound reducing agent which are ground and mixed evenly and then transferred into a reducing and decomposing furnace; carrying out reduction and decomposition till the reaction is completed.

要約 本发明涉及一种采用复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏的方法，该方法将高硫煤和煤矸石配成复合还原剂，再将磷石膏、复合还原剂利用尾气烘干、磨细后混匀送入还原分解炉，进行还原分解，直至反应完全。

This technique has two prominent problems: titanium"s burning loss and high temperature melt treatment (up 1873K). The author puts forward melting protective cover used by plant ash which can insulate air and enhance effect of heat preservation effectively. At the same time, the author chooses alkalinous magnesite for furnace lining which can avoid redox reaction between silicon oxide (SiO2) and titanium, improve fireproofness of furnace lining and decrease titanium"s burning loss ratio.

针对制备工艺的两个突出问题：Ti元素的烧损问题和高温熔体处理问题(1873K以上)，提出利用草木灰作为熔炼的覆盖剂，能有效地隔离空气，强化保温效果，同时选用碱性镁砂炉衬，提高了炉衬的耐火度，克服了酸性炉衬中SiO_2与Ti元素的氧化还原反应，降低了Ti元素的烧损率。

The feature of the shaft furnace-iron bath smelter charging carbon-bearing pellets is that partial off-gas of shaft furnace is mixed with gas from smelter and then put into shaft for preheating and pre-reduction. The optimum operational parameter is at the point of prereduction degree of 52% and post-combustion degree of 32% where the coal consumption is 750kg/tone-hot metal and oxygen consumption is 420Nm〓/tone-hot metal.(5) The systematic simulation of rotary hearth furnace-iron bath smeter is firstly formulated.

4本文建立的含碳球团竖炉—铁浴工艺流程模型的特点之一是竖炉炉顶出口煤气的一部分与铁浴煤气混合后，重新进入竖炉，本文报道的对系统部分出口物流返回反应器的非序贯式流程进行的系统模拟，为今后类似问题的模拟提供了参考，本工艺的最低消耗点的操作条件是：预还原度52％，二次燃烧率32％，这时的最低煤耗为750kg／tFe（中挥发份煤VM=19％），氧耗约420Nm〓／tFe，对应于预还原度30～70％的优化组合的二次燃烧率为32～13％。

In comparison with the conventional viewpoint of kinetics,some unsimilarity among feature in solid state reduction process of iron ore in D.R.shaft furnace or in shaft of blast furnace is indicated such as:all factors influencing reduction are weakened, the reducibility of H_2 is not always superior to CO,the conventional gas heating curve would be modified and a new understanding of the reserve zone of reduc- tion process is found.

利用此模型对移动床还原过程进行了研究，发现了和经典动力学观点有所不同的有关竖炉和高炉固相区还原过程的一些特点和规律，如：所有因素对还原的影响均减弱；H_2的还原能力并不一定总是优越于 CO；传统的热交换曲线应有所改进；对还原过程的反应空区有了新的解释。

So the system COREX off gas shaft furnace process simulation and training is set up. The distribution of flow field, pressure field, and temperature field, and concentration field are obtained Technician can directly see the distribution of gas and burden flow and can understand deeply shaft furnace process principles et al. This system can compute material and energy balance and production cost et al. It can train operator and technician et al.

为此我们利用前面开发的综合竖炉数学模型，开发了利用COREX尾气的竖炉过程的仿真培训系统，以使从事此过程的技术人员能够深入了解COREX尾气竖炉还原过程的原理、反应过程等内部现象，直接观察到竖炉内部气流、物流及气体压力、温度和浓度的分布；对COREX尾气竖炉工艺可进行能流物流平衡和生产成本计算；并对操作人员和工程技术的人员可进行教学培训功能等。

The invention relates to a method for adopting a compound reducing agent to reduce and decompose phosphogypsum; the method comprises the following steps of: using high-sulphur coal and coal gangue to prepare the compound reducing agent; utilizing tail gas to dry the phosphogypsum and the compound reducing agent which are ground and mixed evenly and then transferred into a reducing and decomposing furnace; carrying out reduction and decomposition till the reaction is completed.

本发明涉及一种采用复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏的方法，该方法将高硫煤和煤矸石配成复合还原剂，再将磷石膏、复合还原剂利用尾气烘干、磨细后混匀送入还原分解炉，进行还原分解，直至反应完全。

Thermodynamic calculation shows that sulphur contained in raw materials in the form of FeS_2 can decompose into FeS in the upper part of the shaft furnace.

一、对竖炉还旅过程中硫行为的一般认识竖炉直接还原的生产实践，推翻了&还原气氛下矿石不可能脱硫&的传统看

The 120m3 BF foundation temperature is reduced from 950℃ to below 700℃ and the furnace life campaign is prolonged for more than 2 years by taking furnace maintenance measures such as batching schreyerite in burdens to deposit Tion hearth bottom to form a steady protective layer and make molten iron liquidity slower to slowdown the erosion on bottom, drilling holes to lay water-cooling pipes in heat resistant foundation to heighten the 1150℃ isothermal line of molten iron to make frozen metal layer thicker.

对济钢120m3高炉炉底侵蚀状况，在生产中配加钒钛矿，使其还原成Ti的沉积，以对炉底形成稳定保护层，降低铁水流动性，减缓铁水对炉底冲刷；同时在耐热基墩打孔，穿埋水冷管，促使炉缸铁水1150℃等温线上移，凝固团增厚。实践表明，特护期间炉基温度由950℃下降至700℃以下，炉役寿命延长2年以上。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。