转换器

Capacitive sensor circuit, in general, consists a capacitance to voltage converter and an analog to digital converter.

一般而言，电容式感测器电路包含著一个电容电压转换器与类比数位转换器。

This high voltage electrostatic precipitation controller has 7 channels of analog input,2 channels of analog output, 12 digital inputs and 16 digital outputs. The analog input includes primary current, secondary current, primary voltage, secondary voltage, etc. Controller uses MAX 187 as the A/D converter, which ensure the sampling speed and the conversion precision in the same time. The processor unit is RCM2250 module. Rabit 2000 processor, a 128K SRAM and a 256K Flash Rom are integrated in RCM2250, which improves the performance of pricipitation controller. MAX504 is used to produce the 4~20mA current output.

模拟量输入采集的信号有升压变压器一次电流、一次电压、二次电流、二次电压等，采用12位逐次比较式A/D转换器MAX187，兼顾采样速率和转换精度；中央处理单元采用以8位嵌入式处理器Rabbit2000为基础的RCM2250模块，外扩128KSRAM和256K Flash ROM，内部资源丰富，提高了控制器的整体性能；模拟量输出采用内带基准源的10位电压输出数模转换器MAX504，实现了标准4～20mA电流信号输出；控制器通过控制算法在相应开关量点上输出可控硅的触发脉冲。

7 To 3.3 V operating supply voltage 44.1 kHz sampling frequency 16.9344 MHz (384fs) system clock Built-in crystal oscillator circuit 16-bit, MSB rst, rear-packed serial data input format ( 64 fs bit clock) 8-times oversampling digital lter · 32 dB stopband attenuation ·+0.05 to -0.05 dB passband ripple Deemphasis lter operation · 36 dB stopband attenuation ·-0.09 to +0.23 dB deviation from ideal deem- phasis lter characteristics Attenuator · 7-bit attenuator (128 steps) set by microcontrol- ler Soft mute function set by parallel setting ·(approximately 1024/fs total muting time) Mono setting · Left or right channel mono selectable by micro- controller Built-in innity-zero detection circuit , two-channel D/A converter · 3rd-order noise shaper · 32fs oversampling Built-in 3rd-order post-converter low-pass lters 24-pin VSOP package Molybdenum-gate CMOS process

2.7至3.3 V工作电源电压为44.1千赫的采样频率16.9344兆赫（384fs）系统时钟内置晶体振荡器电路的16位，MSB在前，后包装的串行数据输入格式（64飞秒位时钟）8倍超采样数字滤波器·32分贝的阻带衰减·+0.05至-0.05分贝通带纹波去加重滤波器的运作·36 dB抑制频宽衰减·-0.09到0.23 dB的偏差认为不理想，症状困扰评估滤波特性衰减器·7位衰减器（128级）集由单片机在-莱尔软静音功能的平行设置·（共约1024/fs静音时间）单声道设置·左或右声道单声道微控制器可选的内置的无限零检测电路Δ，两通道的D / A转换器·第三阶噪声整形·32fs过采样内置三阶后转换器的低通滤波器24引脚VSOP封装钼栅CMOS工艺

The ADC is pipelined, including a single-input/difference-output sample/hold circuit and nine stage subcircuits. The preceding eight stages are 1.5bits/stage, and the last stage consists of two comparators. Every input sample is converted into 18 bits binary signals, and these binary signals are converted into 10 bits binary signals through digital correction circuit.

模数转换电路采用流水线式的结构，包括具有单端输入/差动输出功能的采样保持电路和九级的子电路，前八级子电路使用1.5位/级的结构，最后一级使用两个比较器实现，每个输入值被转换为18位的二进制代码，通过数字纠正技术最终实现10位的输出，按照前端电路的应用要求，这个模数转换器实现1.33MHz的采样速率。

Companies specializing in digital network monitoring, digital video and data communications product research and development and production, successful research and development Tigereye series, Cerberus series of MPEG-1, MPEG-4, H.264 network monitoring systems and digital audio and video acquisition card, SupeScan power, the environment and image monitoring system, JS series Guangduan Ji, data multiplexer, data-machine, E1/10Base-T/V3.5 converters, optical transceiver, communications transmission Access and interface protocol converter products.

公司专业从事数字网络监控、数字视频和通信数据产品的研发与生产，成功地研发Tigereye系列、Cerberus系列MPEG-1、MPEG-4，H.264数字网络监控系统及音视频采集卡，SupeScan动力、环境及图像监控系统，JS系列光端机、数据复用器、数据交叉机、E1/10Base-T/V3.5转换器、光纤收发器等，通信传输接入、接口协议转换器产品。

The advantage of Servicemix: 1, be based on JBI standard; 2, can heat up deploy; 3, supportive Camel (can develop compositive technological process with DSL); The defect of Servicemix: 1, JBI standard was brought use those who go up is trival, and JBI standard did not gain too much favour, the future was not predicted; 2, depend on the configuration of XML too much; 3, because all messages want to undertake standardizing handling, be generated namely and analytic XML file, can bring about function to drop so; 4, frame of implementation of the need in developing a process is specific interface is received and handle afore-mentioned standard informations, invade a gender strong; 5, documentation is not quite diseased, clear; The advantage of Mule: 1, the framework is simple clarity, easy begin; 2, it has very extensive transmission implement, road by implement with converter, and expand easily; 3, mule does not need to change the word into unified format, and have transition when need only, improved performance; 4, mule code need not pay close attention to in developing a process, need to pass configuration to be able to expose the service only, decreased to invade a gender; 5, documentation is clear and perfect; The defect of Mule: 1, did not implement any ESB standards but abided by " Enterprise Intergration Patterns " with SEDA?

Servicemix的优点： 1，基于JBI规范； 2，可以热部署； 3，支持Camel（可以用DSL去开发集成流程）； Servicemix的缺点： 1，JBI规范带来了使用上的繁琐，且JBI规范没有得到太多的青睐，前途未卜； 2，过多依赖XML的配置； 3，由于所有消息要进行标准化处理，即生成和解析XML文件，所以会导致性能下降； 4，开发过程中需要实现框架特定接口接收和处理上述标准消息，侵入性强； 5，文档不健全、不够清晰； Mule的优点： 1，架构简单清晰、容易上手； 2，它有非常广泛的传输器、路由器和转换器，且易于扩展； 3，Mule不需将消息转换成统一的格式，而只在需要时进行转换，提高了性能； 4，开发过程中无需关注Mule代码，只需通过配置即可将服务暴露，减少了侵入性； 5，文档清晰而完善； Mule的缺点： 1，没有实现任何ESB规范（但遵循了《Enterprise Intergration Patterns》与 SEDA？

MD are analog sensors, the digitizing happens when the electrons are passed through the analog to digital converter. The A to D converter converts the analog signal to a digital file or signal.

CD 属于模拟传感器，当电子从模拟转换传输到数字转换器时实现数字化。A/D转换器将模拟信号转换到数字文件或信号。

The boost converter is a voltage step-up and current step-down converter .the current source is synthesized from a DC voltage source by adding a large value inductor in series .in DC regulated power supply applications ,the voltage sink represents a large value capacitor in parallel with the load resistance .in the application of the DC motor control ,the voltage sink represents the back emf of the DC motor .the switching action produces a pulsating current .the capacitive filter smoothens the pulsating current and provides a DC voltage to the load

升压转换器是一个升压和降流的转换器。电流源是一个直流电压源添加一个大值电感串联合成的。在直流稳压电源的应用，电压降代表一个大值电容并联一个负载电阻。在直流电机的控制应用中，电压降代表反电动势的直流电机。转换行为产生一个脉动电流。一个滤波电容是这个脉动电流平和并且提供直流的电压负荷。

This paper is finished based upon a part of the project ,which is the design of Delta-Sigma ADC in a high precision electrical meter chip .

本论文主要基于&一种高精度脉冲输出的电能计量集成电路&项目中关于Delta-Sigma模数转换器的设计部分，论文中在对Delta-Sigma模数转换器原理进行深入理解的基础上，提出了一种高精度Delta-Sigma模数转换器的解决方案，并运用于以上项目中取得很好的效果。

The digital users signals comprising in-phase component and quadrature component are converted to analog baseband signals by digital-to-analog converters 104 and 114, which are followed by lowpass filters 106 and 116 for removing harmonics at unwanted frequencies.

包括同相分量和正交分量的数字用户信号通过数模转换器104和114转换成模拟基带信号，在数模转换器104和114的后面具有低通滤波器106和116，低通滤波器106和116用于去除在不期望频率处的谐波。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。