资助

The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supportinggoodas opposed tobadscience,but a valid determination is difficult to make.

资助机构的目标是支持好的科学，而不资助坏的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。

The goal of the su orting agencies is the praisable one of su ortinggoodas o osed tobadscience,but a valid determination is difficult to make.

资助机构的目标是支持好的科学，而不资助坏的科学，那是值得赞扬的。然而要做出正确的抉择却是困难的。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

To resolve the problem effectively, gene transfection technique is used in this experiment to transfer human VEGF into seed cells-mesenchymal stem cells of tissue engineer bone and to make it secrete VEGF which could vascularize bone.

国家自然科学基金资助课题(30471768/ C03030307)&组织工程材料栓塞颅内动脉瘤的实验研究&*；吉林省自然科学基金资助课题(2003053622)&转基因技术构建组织工程化颅骨修复材料的实验研究&

An Italian father may also continue to bankroll his grown-up, wage-earning son, because he takes pleasure ,as the head of the family, in financing his "youngsters", no matter how old they might be .

意大利的父亲甚至还可以继续从经济上资助他的已成年并已挣工资的儿子，因为作为一家之主，他很乐意去资助他的孩子们，不管他们有多大。

At this level, outright awards of aid are known as scholarships, grants, or grants-in-aid ("scholarship" is perhaps the most common term.) Other forms of aid are loans and part-time campus jobs

在这一级里，给予完全的资助称为奖学金，助学金或补助金(奖学金大概是最普遍的名称)，其他形式的资助为贷款和校内兼职工作。

A subsidy of 1000 RMB per square meter at its maximum will be granted to the qualified enterprises and organizations toward their purchasing houses and a subsidy of 20 RMB per square meter per month at its maximum will be granted toward the enterprises and organizations for tenting office spaces.

符合条件的企业和机构，购置自用办公用房的，予以最高1000元/平方米的资助；租赁办公用房的，给予最高20元/平方米/月的资助。

Upon his death in 1504, it was revealed that Bost had willed a sum of money that was earmarked to provide tuppence a year in perpetuity for each of Eton's "collegers."

据透露，在1504年波斯特临死前立下了遗嘱，将一笔钱专门拨出来，永久供给伊顿公学受资助的学生用，每个人一年两便士（受资助的是家住很远的住校生；其余的则是家住城里的男生或&走读生。&

Upon his death in 1504, it was revealed that Bost had willed a sum of money that, properly invested, was earmarked to provide tuppence a year in perpetuity for each of Eton's "collegers." Collegers are boarding students whose families live far away; the remainder are town boys or "oppidans."

到他1504年去世为止，据显示鲍斯特的遗嘱里，已经将一笔钱作为投资，并且指定永久性地每年提供给每个伊顿的&资助生&两便士（资助生是家住得较远的寄宿生，余下的则是城市子弟或者是&走读生&）这笔钱用来保证这些孩子会有足够的吃的。

The number of registry fee has been fixed and it will be derated to some extent for graduate students according to the financial support acquired by the conference.

会议之前成立论文审核委员会，由它根据题目和内容，确定对提交者是否进行交通费资助；确定了会务费的数额，决定根据会议获得资助的情况，对研究生的会务费给予一定的减免。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。