负荷

IPCOP . Base Load Base load is that portion of a building load demand which is constant. It is the "base" of the building demand curve.

基本负荷基本负荷是指建筑负荷需求量中不变的那一部分，是构成负荷需求曲线的基数。

If you directly measure central blood pressure, that is to say carotid blood pressure, for instance carotid systolic blood pressure, with penetration to the other side of carotid artery, then you are in the buzzy thing to determine exactly the ventricular load, the load on the brain, because it is very similar to the load in the kidney-the hemodynamic input into the kidney.

如果你直接测量中心血压也就是颈动脉压的话，比如测量颈动脉收缩压，这个时候你才能准确地告诉我心室的负荷是多少，大脑的负荷是多少，因为颈动脉的血流负荷与肾脏的血流负荷--即进入肾脏的血液很接近。

If you directly measure central blood pressure, that is to say carotid blood pressure, for instance carotid systolic blood pressure, with penetration to the other side of carotid artery, then you are in the buzzy thing to determine exactly the entricular load, the load on the brain, because it is ery similar to the load in the kidney—the hemodynamic input into the kidney.

如果你直接测量中心血压也就是颈动脉压的话，比如测量颈动脉收缩压，这个时候你才能准确地告诉我心室的负荷是多少，大脑的负荷是多少，因为颈动脉的血流负荷与肾脏的血流负荷——即进入肾脏的血液很接近。

The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

Result It showed that tracking error, reaction time, correct rate, category scale, multistage evaluation scale, multi-dimensional scale, latency of P3, inter beat interval , inter respiration interval and blink rate were significantly different among the various tasks. CS,MES and MDS were more sensitive to the total load; ER ,LAT, IBI and IRI were more sensitive to the load of primary task, while RT and CR to that of additional task and BR to the visual load.

结果 追踪误差、反应时、正确率、类别量表评分、多级估量量表评分、多维量表评分、P3潜伏期、逐次心跳间期、逐次呼吸间期和眨眼率在不同任务之间有显著差异(P＜0.05)，CS、MES和MDS对任务总负荷，ER、LAT、IBI和IRI对主任务负荷，RT和CR对附任务负荷，BR对视觉负荷更敏感。

CS,MES and MDS were more sensitive to the total load; ER ,LAT, IBI and IRI were more sensitive to the load of primary task, while RT and CR to that of additional task and BR to the visual load.

结果 追踪误差、反应时、正确率、类别量表评分、多级估量量表评分、多维量表评分、P3潜伏期、逐次心跳间期、逐次呼吸间期和眨眼率在不同任务之间有显著差异(P＜0.05)，CS、MES和MDS对任务总负荷，ER、LAT、IBI和IRI对主任务负荷，RT和CR对附任务负荷，BR对视觉负荷更敏感。

In this model three objectives are included to eliminate the congestion, they are the least number of interruptive consumers, the least number of interruptive loads and the least total cost that the operator of autonomous system pays to interruptive loads.

给出了一种可中断负荷参与的阻塞管理多目标模型，该模型同时考虑了可中断负荷用户数最少、可中断负荷量最少和独立系统操作员支付给可中断负荷的总成本最少三个目标来消除阻塞。

In this paper, two models of online super short-time load forecasting are proposed. One is based on the linear extrapolation, the other on the BP.

基于此，本文提出了在线超短期负荷预测，并建立了两种超短期负荷预测模型：一种是基于线性外推法的超短期负荷预测：一种是基于BP网络的超短期负荷预测。

The paper presents a new method for short-term load forecasting, which applies cluster analysis technique of pattern recognition principle to calculate the similar coefficients between the future day and past days, then chooses the most similar days according to these coefficients and uses linear extrapolation method to predict the load of future day.

短期负荷预测是各供电分公司调度部门的基础性工作，96点日负荷预测采用模式识别中的聚类分析方法，对影响负荷的不同相关因素建立历史映射数据库，在不同日之间计算相关度而得到相似日，并在相似日的基础上采用线性外推法得到预测日的对应负荷。

The Predictor Corrector Primary Dual Interior Point Method is used to solve the OPF model. The effectiveness of load shedding is confirmed using the Q-V mode analysis method, which can be applied to compute eigenvalues of a reduced Jacobian matrix. The numerical results of 2 IEEE standard test systems demonstrate that the proposed OPF model is very effective since it automatically identifies the weak buses and circuits and calculates minimum load shedding.

论文采用了预测-校正原对偶内点法求解该模型，并通过Q-V模态分析研究切负荷前后系统降阶雅可比矩阵的特征值变化情况，评估切负荷控制措施的有效性。2个IEEE标准试验系统的仿真结果表明，该模型直接针对系统薄弱环节，自动辩识切负荷节点和最小切负荷量，具有很好的效果。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。