课程

Post-secondary (Sub-degree course)（专上教育: Including all Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree/ Endorsement Certificate/ Associateship or equivalent courses in Universities/ Vocational Training Council, other sub-degree courses in Universities funded by University Grants Committee, Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in former Polytechnics/ other statutory or approved Postsecondary Colleges, Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in other colleges providing postsecondary courses, sub-degree courses in Hong Kong Institute of Education, Sub-degree level nurse training courses/ dental training courses, Distance learning sub-degree level courses and other sub-degree level courses

包括大学／职业训练局的高级证书／高级文凭／专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修/增修证书/院士衔或同等课程、由大学资助委员会资助的其它大学非学位课程、前理工学院/其它法定或认可的专上学院的高级证书/高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、其它专上学院开设的高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、香港教育学院的非学位课程、护士训练非学位课程、牙科训练非学位课程及遥距非学位课程。

It's not only a major task of curriculum implementation, but also a great contribution to it and a symbol of the success in the process. At the very beginning of curriculum implementation, the principle should be a host, to be more exact, an encourager or advocator who introduces the new curriculum into the school. During the whole process of curriculum implementation, the principle should change into an assessor who gives proper suggestion and corrects the way in time.

在课程实施的初始阶段，校长应是"开门揖客"，是把新课程引入学校的"鼓吹者"和"倡导者"，是教师学习新课程知识，树立新课程理念的"辅导员"和"引导者"；在新课程实施的过程中，校长应自始至终是新课程教学和教师教学实践方式转变的"评价者"和"修正者"；最终成为学校新课程文化的缔造者和领导者。

Now high schools have two main tasks: propaedeutic to enter a higher school and propaedeutic to take up an occupation after graduation. So how should we adjust and enrich various resources according to the spirit of the reform in the whole country and local schools and in terms of the history、tradition and current situation of schools? And how to change the style of administration on new curriculum during the process of carrying it out in order to adapt to the requirement for the setting-up and implementation of new curriculum? It is really a big challenge for the stabilization and innovation of schools.

如何按照国家和地方课程改革的精神，根据学校的历史传统和现实情况的实际，调整和充实各种教育资源，合理地设置国家课程和学校课程，构建符合课程改革要求并具有学校鲜明特色的课程体系，以及在实施新课程的过程中如何适当地改革课程管理方式以适应课程设置与实施的要求，都对承担着升学预备教育和就业预备教育双重任务的普通高中提出了巨大的挑战，对高中学校的稳定、创新与发展提出了严峻的考验。

In the idea of math teacher's education specialty, I put forward the instructional thought like"adequate to theory","attach importance to practice","system innovation"and"literacy standard", improve the structure of curriculum on the curriculum system construction of math teacher's education specialty, promote the character of teacher specialization, enhance the integration of general course, protrude the literacy of teacher specialization, reduce math specialized course, promote the function of"Educational Academy", regrade two kind educational course, strengthen thought integration, construct course modality of"Subject Amalgamation", unfold the summary of course structure and proportion of math teacher's education specialty. In the integration of curriculum and teaching model, according to the different kind of curriculum nature and learning stage of teacher's education specialty, I think there are three leading type to teaching model and learning stage, that is, participating teaching and meaningful receptive learning, eliciting teaching method and research study, case based teaching and reflective learning, and put forward operability suggestions to teaching practice.

在数学教师教育专业理念上，提出了&理论够用&、&实践为重&&体系创新&和&素养本位&的指导思想；在数学教师教育专业课程体系构建上，提出优化课程结构，提升教师专业化品性；加强通识课程统整，突出教师专业化素养；精减数学学科专业课，并增进&教育学术性&功能；精选两类教育类课程，强化统整思想，并构建出&学科融合&式的课程样态，展现了数学教师教育专业课程结构、比例的概略性图谱；在课程与教学模式整合问题上，笔者提出了按照教师教育专业学生学习的课程属性和学习阶段不同，形成三个主导型教学模式与学习方式，即参与式教学与有意义接受学习、启发性教学和研究性学习、案例式教学与反思性学习，并对对教育实习提出具有操作性的建议。

In this study, under the guidance of the theory of Suzhou sericultural culture, school- based curriculum and research study, combining unique culture of the high school and practice of biology teaching and the characteristics and needs of students , to develop the high school biology school- based curriculum under the background of Suzhou sericultural culture.

本研究在苏州蚕文化，校本课程，研究性学习的有关理论的指导下，结合学校特有的校园文化与实际的生物教学和学生的特点与需求，对苏州蚕文化背景下高中生物校本课程进行了开发，包括课程环境分析，课程目标设置，课程内容选择，课程的具体实施，课程的评价等方面。

Combining with the practice of curriculum setting in our primary command vocational education academy at moment, according to the guidance, course and policy of vocational education from headquarters at high level, theory of education target assorting, principle of Thaler, degree theory, category and sequence, means of differentiation and plan are applied comprehensively, and the principle of curriculum setting and curriculum system structure in primary command vocational education academy are pointed out, and the target of vocational education in primary command academy, the principle , contents and methods of curriculum target setting are circumstantiated through investigation and consultation, theoretic analysis and general comparison; the process of curriculum setting in primary command vocational education academy is defined; the curriculum system of vocational education in primary command academy is devised innovatively; with regard to the implementation and optimization of curriculum in military primary command academy, general requirements and basic principles and standards are proposed after pointing out the influencing factors and implementation process.

通过调查咨询、理论分析研究、综合对照比较，结合当前我军初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的实际，以军委总部关于任职教育的指导思想、方针和政策为政策依据，综合运用了教育目标分类理论、泰勒原理、学历论、范畴与序列、分化与统整等原理和方法，确立了军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的原则；具体设想了适应军队初级指挥院校任职教育的课程体系架构，说明了初级指挥院校任职教育目标与课程目标确立的原则、内容和方法；阐述了初级指挥院校任职教育课程设置的程序；创新提出了初级指挥院校任职教育模块式的课程体系方案，并具体研究提出了合训分流学员的教育内容设置；就军队初级指挥院校任职教育课程实施，分析了影响因素，提出了总体要求，探讨了课程实施过程中主要环节的质量控制。

First, I explore the basic principle, strategy, mode and methods, herein, I give a definition and general comment of the objective of the Integrated Curriculum, analyzing the principle of the content selecting, the main concept and the organizing manner of the content of the Integrated Curriculum, enunciating the general theoretical problems of the implementation of the curriculum, and probing into the strategy and methods of the implementation of the Integrated Curriculum by means of cases studies.

首先，从课程要素的维度探讨了开发综合课程的基本原则、策略、方式和方法；其中，界定并总括了综合课程的目标，分析了综合课程内容遴选的原则、综合课程的主要内容以及内容的组织方式，阐释了课程实施的一般理论问题并以案例分析的方式探讨了综合课程实施的策略和方式，阐释了课程评价的一般理论问题并同样以案例分析的方式探讨了综合课程评价的原则和方法。

The upper piece has first hackled the study production of curriculum lead all around the domestic and overseas. On the base of it, this article has expatiated the theory of the principal as curriculum leaders: The first part has emphasized how to define the principal as curriculum leaders; The second part has detailedly introduced the pattern of the principal as curriculum leaders under different curriculum view; The third part has thoroughly analyzed the apocalypse that the overseas' theory study of the principal as curriculum leaders has brought to ours'.

上篇主要在梳理国内外校长课程领导研究成果的基础上，对校长课程领导理论进行阐述：第一部分着重对校长课程领导涵义进行了界定；第二部分详细介绍了不同课程观下的校长课程领导模式；第三部分深入分析了国外校长课程领导理论研究对我国校长课程领导研究的启示。

Mechanical Drawing mapping, metalworking, mechanical design course design, database and application-based curriculum design, curriculum design, principle and application of microcontroller, multimedia software, curriculum design, machine control and PLC curriculum design, electrical, mechanical manufacturing technology curriculum design, mold design and manufacturing curriculum Design, CNC lathe practice.

课程实践： Course Practices：机械制图测绘，金工实习，机械设计课程设计，数据库基础及应用课程设计，单片机原理及应用课程设计，多媒体软件课程设计，机床电气控制与PLC课程设计，机械制造技术课程设计，模具设计与制造课程设计，数控车床实习。

This thesis commences from the review of the process of music curriculum standards in the recent hundred years of primary and junior high school, concluding the outstanding characteristics of 《Music Curriculum Standards of the compulsory education 》compared with the advanced 《music Teaching syllabus of the compulsory education》. We use the method of question, interviewing and observing etc. to investigate and understand concrete implementation situation of music curriculum standards in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, including the uses of music teachers of 《standards 》, feels of students in implementation of《standards 》. Also this text concluded the variety of music curriculum standards implementation in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia from teaching methods, studying ways, evaluating curriculum etc., concluded the existing drawbacks, and gave suggestion of further development. It also outlooks foreground of curriculum reformation. The aim is to perfect music curriculum standards to guide the music teaching availably.

本文从回顾近百年来中小学音乐课程标准的演变过程入手，通过《义务教育音乐课程标准》与先行的《义务教育音乐教学大纲》的对比，总结了音乐课程标准较之音乐教学大纲的突出特点，在此基础上本文采用问卷法、访谈法、观察法等，调查了解了内蒙古呼和浩特实验区的音乐课程标准实施的具体状况，包括音乐教师对《标准》的使用情况、学生在《标准》实施过程中的感受，并且本文从教师教学方式、学生学习方式、课程评价等几方面总结出内蒙古呼和浩特实验区音乐课程标准实施所带来的变化，同时也总结出实施中所存在的问题，并给出音乐课程标准进一步推广应注意的几点建议，也对课程改革前景予以展望，旨在促进音乐课程标准的进一步完善，以便更有效地指导音乐教学。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。