诊断

The application on 6 large enterprises indicates that TVM system is an instrument with advanced technology,reasonable design,convenient operation,perfect function and high accuracy.The measure errors of the instantaneous rotation speed,which is measured by non-contact and magnetoelectricity sensor,have been completely investigated in this paper also.

通过本文的研究，丰富并发展了内燃机故障诊断技术，为内燃机各缸工作均匀性诊断、故障缸诊断、逐缸供油量调整和内燃机自动控制等提供了有效的诊断方法一凸j法和 TVRS法、以及相应的诊断测试设备一TVM系统。

A new approach, named Rule_Based Neural Network Expert System, is presented in this paper, which combines the merit of expert system, neural network and fuzzy theory.

论文提出的基于规则的神经网络专家系统方法结合了专家系统、神经网络、模糊技术的优点，提高了诊断效率，加快了诊断速度，并能对诊断过程作出必要的解释，克服了传统专家系统诊断和神经网络系统诊断的缺点。

First,the BP neural network to carry on the partial diagnosis to the fault information is used,then the fusion using the D-S evidence theory to the partial diagnosis result is carried on,and the final fault result is obtained.The introduction of D-S evidence theory increases the diagnosis result reliability and the accuracy,enhances the diagnosis algorithm compatibility.

首先用BP神经网络对故障信息进行局部诊断，然后利用D-S证据理论对局部诊断结果进行融合，进行全局诊断，得到最终的故障结果。D-S证据理论的引入，增大了诊断结果的可靠性和准确性，提高了诊断算法的适应性。

At the same time, on the base of analysis of the present situation, the development trend and the leading edge technology, the necessity and feasibility about the exploitation of the full hydraulic bulldozer"s sate monitoring and fault diagnosis system is given; According to the structure, working feature and working environment, it works out system schema and system composition; The system is divided into display module, communication module and fault diagnosis module by means of block design, the implementation method and key parameter are also given; In light of the features of the full hydraulic bulldozer, the state monitoring and fault diagnosis platform composed of controller RC6-9 and display DI2/10 is designed based on CAN-Bus and the hardware design is completed; It lists the measured values and state of monitored parameters which should be real-time displayed in monitoring module as well as the data which will be transmitted; Furthermore, On the base of the study of, it gives 34 kinds of constant faults" diagnosis methods; Using BODAS software and DPS software, it compile the program code of the controller and the displayer; At last, this paper design and make the simulation test device of control system of construction machinery, through the experiment, the realizability, the categoricalness, the reliability, the stability and real-time are tested, in addition, the improved methods are given.

本文收集整理了国内外智能推土机研究的相关文献资料，综合分析了国内外智能推土机的研究现状、发展趋势和前沿技术，论证了开发全液压推土机智能系统的重要组成部分&全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统&的必要性和可行性；根据全液压推土机的结构、作业特点和作业环境，制定了全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统方案，确定了系统的结构组成；采用模块化设计方法，将整个系统分成了显示、通信和故障诊断三个模块，给出了各模块功能的实现方法，确定了各模块的关键技术参数：选用RC6-9和DI2／10作为系统的控制器和显示器，用CAN总线搭建了系统的通信平台，完成了系统的硬件设计；确定了系统监测参数和通信数据，对全液压推土机常见故障特征进行了分析，给出了34种常见故障的诊断方法；在BODAS软件和DPS软件的集成编程环境下，编写了控制器和显示器程序；设计并制作了工程机械控制系统模拟试验板，并在此基础上通过多次的程序调试与试验，对所设计的全液压推土机状态监测与故障诊断系统功能的可实现性、完备性、可靠性、稳定性和实时性进行了检验，证实了此系统的可行性，并提出了进一步的改进方案和措施。

The methods include intelligent diagnosis methods based on rule, knowledge model, nerval network, case and action.

这些方法和技术包括：基于规则的智能诊断、基于模型知识的智能诊断、基于神经网络的智能诊断、基于案例的智能诊断、基于行为的智能诊断。

objective:to analyze the difference between mammary duct ectasiaand plasma cell mammitis.methods:the data of 24 cases of mde and 28 cases of pcm,including clinical manifestations,distinguished diagnoses,surgical therapy,pathological results,were analyzed.results:the clinical manifestations of mde are nipple discharge and breast mass,which should be distinguished with breast mass and early stage of breast cancer.the treatment is local resection.major pathological changes are duct ectasia and obvious periductal inflammatory changes.the clinical manifestations of pcm are breast mass and inflammatory changes,which should to be distinguished with advanced breast cancer and inflammatory breast cancer.the surgical treatment is extensive resection.the major pathological changes are inflammatory reaction and multiple abscesses in breast tissue.conclusion:mde and pcm are significant different,and they are different progressing stage of disease,thus the two diagnoses are independent.

目的：分析乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎临床上的差异。提出各自独立诊断的论据。方法：结合24例乳腺导管扩张症和28例浆细胞性乳腺炎对两病的临床症状、鉴别诊断、手术治疗、病理结果进行比较分析。结果：乳腺导管扩张症临床表现为乳头溢液和乳腺肿物，主要与乳腺肿物和早期乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术以局部切除多见，病理表现为导管扩张及导管周围明显炎性改变。浆细胞性乳腺炎临床表现为乳腺肿物和炎性改变，主要与晚期乳腺癌和炎性乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术切除的范围较大，病理变化以乳腺组织的炎性反应和多发性脓肿为主。结论：乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎有明显的差异，应作为这两种疾病独立诊断。

A knowledge base model based on the combination of the reduced fault tree and the LCU trapezia logic structure is designed after a thorough research on the knowledge base system and the reasoning mechanism of the locomotive fault diagnosis system.

通过对机车故障诊断系统知识库体系和故障诊断推理机制的研究，设计了以简化的电力机车故障树为基础，结合LCU梯形图逻辑构造的知识库原型；应用机车故障诊断双向推理机制，设计并实现了基于LCU处理逻辑的正向推理机以及基于故障树查询的逆向推理机；并以此为基础开发了电力机车远程故障诊断系统的原型，实现了对机车的远程故障诊断。

According to the diagnosis of brand,method of AHM and unascertained comprehensive evaluation are combined to diagnose the brand.

由于当今品牌诊断缺乏有效的定量诊断工具，本文提出基于AHM法和未确知模型的诊断方法：首先利用AHM法求出品牌诊断的各指标的重要性权重，专家在重要性权重的基础上对各指标进行&打分&，然后利用未确知模型进行综合诊断。

Results For the hypertrophies in left or right atrium or ventricle or doule atriums or ventricles, the ECG plus VCG method had a high sensibility and accuracy.For the hypertrophies in right atrium and double atriums,the only ECG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the righ ventricle, the only VCG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the specificity, the three methods almost had the same value.ECG plus VCG method combining the clinical material could improve the acuracy in the diagnosis of atrial and ventricular hypertrophies.

结果：ECG和VCG联用对左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、双心房、双心室肥大诊断的敏感性及准确性最高，ECG单独应用及ECG和VCG联用对右心房及双心房肥大的诊断敏感性相同，VCG单独应用和ECG和VCG联用对右心室肥大的诊断敏感性相同；3种方法对心房、心室肥大诊断的特异性相近；ECG和VCG联用诊断心房、心室肥大时结合临床资料可提高准确性。

For the hypertrophies in right atrium and double atriums,the only ECG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the righ ventricle, the only VCG method had the same sensibility with the ECG plus VCG method.For the specificity, the three methods almost had the same value.ECG plus VCG method combining the clinical material could improve the acuracy in the diagnosis of atrial and ventricular hypertrophies.

结果：ECG和VCG联用对左心房、右心房、左心室、右心室、双心房、双心室肥大诊断的敏感性及准确性最高，ECG单独应用及ECG和VCG联用对右心房及双心房肥大的诊断敏感性相同，VCG单独应用和ECG和VCG联用对右心室肥大的诊断敏感性相同；3种方法对心房、心室肥大诊断的特异性相近；ECG和VCG联用诊断心房、心室肥大时结合临床资料可提高准确性。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。