色素

The recent research advances in natural pigments has been reviewed from following aspects: the advantage and disadvantage of natural pigments, stabilization technologies which include anti-oxidant added in pigment, molecular modification, anthocyanins acylate, etc.

对天然食用色素的优缺点和稳定化技术进行了详尽的描述，稳定化技术包括在天然色素中添加稳定剂和抗氧化剂，改造色素分子的结构，对花青素进行酰基化等。

The results showed: the Berberis heteropoda pigment could effectively inhibit the growth of theE scherichiac oli, the calyx pigment ofP hysalis alkekengi coulde ffectively inhibit the growth of the Bacterium proteus, the concentrated liquid of Rhodiola sachalinensis could effectively inhibit the growth of the Bac.

结果发现：小檗色素对大肠杆菌抑菌作用最强，酸浆花萼色素对变形杆菌抑菌作用最强，红景天浓缩液对枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用最强，小茴香浓缩液对四种待试菌无抑菌作用；小檗色素对四种待试菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度分别为：枯草芽孢杆菌MIC2。

The paper dyeing with natural pigment form flower of Chinese redbud was studied. The result indicated that the optimal pH value of dyeing was 3.5; the dyed paper was stable to heat and water by adding little amount of NaCl. The pigment can substitute the synthesized product in child product and food packaging paper partly to reduce the harm from synthesized product and meet the requirement of environmental protection.

本课题研究用天然紫荆花色素对纸进行染色是可行的，染色液适宜pH值为3.5，加入少量氯化钠可明显提高染色纸的色彩热稳定性，纸渗水的不褪色性好，染色效果好；天然紫荆花色素代替或部分代替合成色素生产儿童用品和食品包装用彩色纸可明显减少合成色素对人体造成的危害，符合环境对包装材料的要求。

The results showed that the red pigment belonged to anthocyanidin, it was soluble in water, stable against heat treatment, light, acid and sugar concentration, tolerant to reduction, but sensitive to alkaline, oxidation and Fe(superscript 3+). The research also showed that acid medium is favorable for extraction. The pigments have more general stability in acid medium and have high ufility value.

结果表明：该色素为水溶性多酚类花色素，在不同的pH环境下显示不同的颜色；其耐热性、耐光性、耐酸、耐糖、耐还原性较好，但耐氧化性、耐碱性较差；Fe(上标 3+)对色素有破坏性；该色素的提取宜在酸性介质中进行，酸性条件下其综合稳定性较优，有较高的利用价值。

The results showed that the red pigment belonged to anthocyanidin,it was soluble in water,stable against heat treatment,light,acid and sugar concentration,tolerant to reduction,but sensitive to alkaline,oxidation and Fe~(3+). The research also showed that acid medium is favorable for extraction.The pigments have more general stability in acid medium and have high ufility value.

结果表明：该色素为水溶性多酚类花色素，在不同的pH环境下显示不同的颜色；其耐热性、耐光性、耐酸、耐糖、耐还原性较好，但耐氧化性、耐碱性较差；Fe3+对色素有破坏性；该色素的提取宜在酸性介质中进行，酸性条件下其综合稳定性较优，有较高的利用价值。

objective the effects of anthocyanin pigment from maize purple plant on resisting lipid peroxidation were investigated.methods the inhibition of anthocanin pigment from maize purple plant was examined in vitro that autcoxudation of lecithin liposome system induced by fe2+.50 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups.vehicle and different dose anthocyanin pigment from maize purple plant were given respectively,and then experimental injury of mice liver was induced to make use of bromobenzene and the content of mda was determined in liver homogenate.results the inhibition rates of anthocyanin pigment from maize purple plant on linoleic acid oxidation was higher that of ascorbic ascorbic acids.the content of mda in homogenate in middle and high dose of pigment were significantly lower than that in low dose and the injured control group.there were no significat differences in the content of mda in homogenate between low dose group and injury control group.conclusion the anthocyanin pigment from maize purple plant have the capability to resist lipid peroxide.

目的 探讨玉米紫色植株色素抗脂质过氧化的作用。方法体外实验测定玉米紫色植株花色苷色素在fe2+引发的卵磷脂脂质体体系中抗氧化活性。体内实验，取50只小鼠随机分成5组，分别给予溶媒和不同剂量的色素，然后采用溴代苯致实验性肝损伤，测定肝匀浆的丙二醛含量。结果在由fe2+引发的卵磷脂脂质体体系中玉米紫色植株色素对脂质过氧化有明显的抑制作用，抑制率随样品的浓度增高而增大，并且明显优于抗坏血酸。在溴代苯致小鼠实验性肝损伤模型实验中，中、高剂量组的丙二醛含量均低于损伤模型组。低剂量组和损伤模型组比较丙二醛含量差异无统计学意义。

This is an important distinction, since certain conditions are or may be hypopigmented such as tinea versicolor, nevus anemicus, leprosy, hypomelanotic macules of tuberous sclerosis, hypomelanosis of Ito, seborrheic dermatitis, and idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis.

比正常皮肤颜色浅的斑片可能是完全或部分丧失了色素，这是一个重要的特征，因为某些疾病可能是色素减少的，如花斑癣、贫血性痣、麻风、结节性硬化性色素减少性斑疹、伊藤黑素减少症、脂溢性皮炎、特发性点滴状色素减少症。

Moreover, CoI gene was more conservative and a lower evolutionary rate than Cyt b gene. CoI gene was an effective marker in analysing the phylogenesis of families in Passeriformes. It can be used in identifying the species of Passeriformes, but it was revealed that CoI gene was more suitable to identify the phylogenetic relationship of avian family unit than Cyt b gene, and CoI gene can be a molecular marker to identify avian species. But in species identification, CoI gene was less stable and accurate than Cyt b gene. We suggested youd better employ the other marker if you have the CoI gene only.(2) In the phylogenetic trees of birds from Lanius, L.

比较分析了雀形目6科15种鸟类的细胞色素b全序列和CoI基因部分序列，结果显示细胞色素b和CoI基因序列的变异位点分别为454个和366个、简约信息位点为337个和303个，而且线粒体CoI基因比细胞色素b基因略微保守、进化速率也较低；CoI基因在确定雀形目科级阶元之间的系统发生关系方面是一种有效的分子标记，同时它也能够用于雀形目鸟类的物种鉴定，但在物种鉴别方面不如细胞色素b基因稳定、准确。

Meanwhile, Va145 situating at the binding surface of the two proteins contributes greatly to the binding and electron transfer between Cyt 〓 and Cyt c.

而位于细胞色素〓与细胞色素c结合面上的Va145残基的改变对细胞色素〓与细胞色素c的结合与电子传递都有较大的影响。

The results show that shade of cocoon and reeling silk are all even and bright. Color depth in the cocoon is directly proportional to the concentration of additional pigment. With respect to cocoon color, no difference occurs to the male or female when fed with the same concentrated pigment. Within the range of certain concentrations, the red pigment has little effect on the quality of cocoon and cocoon filament. The red pigment has a fast bond with protein. Color of sericin, fibroin, pupa, moth and egg shell are all red.

结果表明：所营蚕茧及所缫蚕丝色泽均匀、鲜艳；蚕茧的色彩深度与添加的色素浓度呈正比；添食同种浓度的色素所得的蚕茧色彩在雌雄之间无差异；经调查，在一定的浓度范围内红色色素对茧丝质无影响；红色色素与蛋白结合牢固，无论丝胶、丝素还是蛹体、蛾体或卵壳均呈红色。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。