膜壳

In this paper, a quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was synthesized and the factors affect on the solubility or degree of substitution of product, such as the concentration of alkali, the time of basification, the content of water in system, the time of dispersing and the method of adding epoxyproryltrimethylammonium chloride, were discussed in detail. The product was characterized by IR, DSC, TG and X-RAY diffraction. The effects of time, humidity and temperature on the gases permeability of the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan film were researched.

本论文研究了壳聚糖季铵盐的合成反应，对碱化浓度、碱化时间、水的含量、分散时间和醚化剂的加入方式等因素对制备反应的影响进行了考察；应用红外光谱、DSC、TG以及X-射线衍射对产物进行了表征；探讨了时间、湿度和温度对壳聚糖季铵盐膜透气性的影响。

Decorative coatings : each kind of hardware products bijouterie golf club heads spectacle frames mobile phone cases watchcases watchbands clocks digital cameras video camera covers water heating sanitary wares lightings presents gate locks door pulls hinges advertising signs hardware appliances penholder pen points hardware trademarks buckles and partial plastic products ceramics and glass products .

装饰膜层：各种五金制品，珠宝首饰，高尔夫球头，眼镜架，手机外壳，表壳，表带，时钟，数码相机，摄像机外壳，水暖洁具，灯饰，礼品，门锁，门拉手，合页，广告招牌，五金家电，笔壳，笔尖，五金商标，皮带扣及部分塑料制品，陶瓷，玻璃制品。

Finally, the guideline for efficiently preparing core-shell structured capsule carrier was tentatively proposed.The cationic, neutral and anionic polysaccharides were separately acted as the liquid core of biomimetic capsule by mimicking the component and function of cell sap. It was found that the electrostatic repulsion interaction between the polysaccharide core and the enzyme enhanced the enzyme activity and stability.

首先，模仿细胞液的成分和功能选用三种具有不同电性的多糖(羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素和羧甲基壳聚糖钠)作为仿生微囊的液核，经比较可知，与酶分子具有静电排斥作用的多糖更有利于酶构象、活力的维持和酶稳定性的提高；然后，模仿细胞膜的结构和功能构建仿生微囊的壳膜。

Living in cold regions will be hibernating snails, the type of life in the tropics will be dormant during the dry season, dormant when the mucus secreted in the formation of a layer of dry mouth closed shell, the body hidden in the shell, when temperature and humidity out of the activities when appropriate .

在寒冷地区生活的蜗牛会冬眠，在热带生活的种类旱季也会休眠，休眠时分泌出的黏液形成一层干膜封闭壳口，全身藏在壳中，当气温和湿度合适时就会出来活动。

In ovary, PNA receptors appeared in the oocyte cytoplasm of second phases of oogenesis; the positive granules gradually increased from third to forth phases, and they exhibit a maximum expression before vitellogennic stage in cytoplasm of oocyte; from vitellogennic stage to chorionation stage, the positive granules gradually reduced. Binding sites on follicle cells were changed with their morphological variation in every stage of oogenesis.The staged and specific expression of oncogene c-kit, the tyrosine-kinase receptor, is closely related with gametogenesis.

2在中华蚱蜢卵子发生的早期，PNA受体是由卵母细胞自身合成；在卵黄发生前的准备时期，卵母细胞质中的PNA受体一部分来源于自身合成，另一部分则来源于滤泡细胞，而糖复合物的大量出现可能直接与卵黄发生有关；卵黄发生期PNA受体的减少可能是在卵黄物质形成中部分发生了修饰；卵黄和卵壳的相继形成过程中，阳性反应的出现说明PNA受体参与了卵黄膜及卵壳的形成，而这些受体物质是由滤泡细胞分泌的。

ResultsThe release rate of Rhein in film was better than that of former film.

结果以膜剂中大黄酸的释放度为评价指标，膜剂体外缓释效果比以壳聚糖为成膜材料更好。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

Chitosan and film-forming properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone dissolved outstanding performance, made of composite membrane, through the composite membrane-embedded and glyoxal cross-linking role of the glassy carbon electrode have a common fixed-horseradish dismutase enzymes and hemoglobin, Fe 63-/4- body as an electronic transmission.

利用壳聚糖成膜性能及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮优异的溶解性能，制成复合膜，通过复合膜包埋和乙二醛交联作用在玻碳电极上共同固定辣根过氧化物酶和血红蛋白，Fe63-/4-作为电子传递体。

Results indicated that fluorinated chain block is incorporated into the macro molecule chain of the polymer successfully. The composite emulsion has a stable core-shell structure. The interface composed of fluorinated acrylate chain blocks are formed on the film surface and the incorporation of FA blocks increase the contact angle between PUA film and water from 65° to 98°.

结果表明，含氟链段成功接入了大分子链中，乳液形成稳定的核-壳结构，在膜材料表面形成了主要由含氟丙烯酸酯链段组成的界面， FA 的引入可使复合乳液胶膜与水的接触角（ PUA 膜与水的接触角）由65°提高至98°。

A fold or pair of folds of the body wall that lines the shell and secretes the substance that forms the shell in mollusks and brachiopods.

套膜软体动物或腕足动物体壁上的膜或套膜，它连接壳体并分泌形成壳的物质

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。