膜壳

The discussion of the degradation mechanism: Chitosan is not hydrolyze in neutral soak in vitro. The mechanism of degradation of the PDLLA membrane in vivo and in vitro is similar, both represent the simple hydrolyze. The degradation of he composite membrane mainly represent the PDLLA hydrolyze of, chitosan can hydrolyze when there are acid product which is PDLLA's catabolite in vitro.

降解机理探讨：壳聚糖膜体外中性条件下不水解；聚乳酸膜体内外降解机理相似，都表现为简单水解机理；复合膜体外降解主要表现为聚乳酸的水解，壳聚糖在聚乳酸降解后产生酸性产物的条件下存在酸水解机理。

There are two types of maturation according to our observation.One is nucleocapsids obtained its tegument in the nucleus and enveloped from the inner nuclear membrane.Another is nucleocapsids entered cytoplasm through nuclear membrane,then obtained their tegument in the cytoplasm,enveloped from the plasma membrane,finally released by necrosis,exocytosis or other ways.

病毒成熟有两种方式：一为细胞核内核衣壳在核内获得皮层，通过核内膜获得囊膜成为成熟病毒；二为核内核衣壳通过内外核膜进入胞浆，核内和胞浆内的核衣壳在细胞浆中获得皮层，然后在各种质膜上获得囊膜，最后成熟病毒通过细胞破裂或其他方式释放到细胞外。

The result shows that the blend membranes have good mechanical properties and can conquer the weakness of silk membranes,stiffness and brickleness.

采用共混法制备丝素-壳聚糖共混膜，并测定其力学性能，结果表明各种配比的丝素-壳聚糖共混膜均具有良好的机械性能，能够克服纯丝素膜刚而脆的弱点。

Silk fibroin-chitosan blend membranes were prepared by mixing method and the mechanics of blend membranes was measured. The result shows that the blend membranes have good mechanical properties and can conquer the weakness of silk membranes, stiffness and brickleness.

采用共混法制备丝素－壳聚糖共混膜，并测定其力学性能，结果表明各种配比的丝素－壳聚糖共混膜均具有良好的机械性能，能够克服纯丝素膜刚而脆的弱点。

Ni-P-mCMC/mCS bipolar membrane was prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose modified with phosphorylated agent as a cation exchange layer and chitosan modified with glutaraldehyde as an anion exchange layer. The electrolysis cell was constituted by Ni-P-mCMC/mCS BPM as a septum for electrogenerating furfural alcohol and furoic acid.

以磷酸化试剂改性羧甲基纤维素钠制备了阳膜层，以戊二醛改性壳聚糖制备了阴膜层溶胶，将阴膜层溶胶流延于阳膜层上，制备了P-mCMC/mCS双极膜，而后以化学镀方法在阳膜层表面镀镍，制备了Ni-P-mCMC/mCS双极膜，并应用于成对电合成糠醇、糠酸。

Rat dermal fibrobalasts and human neofetus dermal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro to evaluate the biocompatibility of the chitosan films.

为考察壳聚糖对皮肤成纤维细胞的相容性，采用流延法制备了纯壳聚糖膜和含甘油的壳聚糖膜，并在所制备的壳聚糖膜上进行了大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞和人胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养。

UV-Vis spectra show that the absorbance values at characteristic wavelengths of the multilayer films increase almost linearly with the number of chitosan/PTA bilayers, suggesting that the deposition process is regular and highly reproducible from layer to layer. XPS and FTIR spectra confirm the incorporation of chitosan and PTA into the films. AFM images indicate that the surface of the multilayer films is rough. The result of CV shows that the multiplayer films maintain good electrocatalytic activity of phosphotungstate acid.

UV-Vis结果显示多层膜在特征吸收峰处的吸光度数值随膜双层数增加逐渐增大，呈良好的线性关系，表明多层膜是均匀组装的；XPS和FTIR结果证实了壳聚糖和磷钨酸被组装到膜上，AFM图形显示膜表面有一定的粗糙度，CV结果说明多层膜保留了磷钨酸的电化学性质。

It was showed that pectenolone and pectenoxanthin were all found in Gonads, hepatopancreas, mantle and gill, among of them, ovary, hepatopancreas and gill possessed more carotenoid than other tissues, but no carotenoids were found in the white muscles of Yesso scallops. Hepatopancreas contains a variety other carotenoids some kind of other not identified beside pectenolone and pectenoxanthin. The result also showed that the Yesso scallop with orange muscle had more the carotenoids in a variety of tissues than the common, and the female more than the male.4 Impacts of carotenoid accumulation on morphological structure and chemical composition in orange muscle of Yesso scallopThere was no difference between the orange and white muscle obserced by conventional HE staining, while musclular fiber type and matrix density in the orange muscle was different from white ones by the TEM observation of ultra-thin slices, and there were three musclular fiber types, among of them, the loose muscular fiber was orange muscle specifically.

利用HPLC法对橘红/白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中含有的类胡萝卜素种类和含量，结果表明，虾夷扇贝在性腺、肝胰腺、外套膜、鳃丝中均含有类胡萝卜素pectenolone和pectenoxanthin，白色闭壳肌中未检测到类胡萝卜素，其中肝胰腺除上述两种类胡萝卜素外，还含有其他多种未鉴定的类胡萝卜素；在各组织中，雌性性腺、肝胰腺、鳃丝中类胡萝卜素的含量较高；橘红色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝各组织中的类胡萝卜素含量高于白色闭壳肌虾夷扇贝；雌性虾夷扇贝中的类胡萝卜素的含量高于雄性。4累积类胡萝卜素对虾夷扇贝闭壳肌的形态结构和化学成分的影响本文对橘红色闭壳肌进行了常规HE染色切片观察，并未观察到异常现象；超薄切片透射电镜观察发现橘红色闭壳肌在肌纤维类型及基质密度等方面有别于白色闭壳肌，在橘红色闭壳肌中有三种肌纤维，其中疏松型肌纤维为橘红色闭壳肌特有。

The results indicated that the composite membrane contained 9.47±2.44% chitosan/PVA component. Chitosan and PVA in the membranes were crosslinked by treatment with glutaraldehyde vapor at 37°C.

在37°C下用戊二醛蒸气交联电纺膜中的壳聚糖/PVA组分，进而通过拉伸实验来评价各种电纺膜的力学性能，结果表明交联后的PLGA-壳聚糖/PVA复合膜集聚了两个组分的优点具有较好的力学性能。

A novel anion exchange membrane with chitosan and quaternized chitosan has been prepared and the primary structure characterization has been performed by FTIR. The influence of various chitosan/quaternized chitosan compositions and the amounts of glutaraldehyde on properties of ion exchange membranes was discussed. The ion transference number and the selective permeability have been estimate by testing membrane potential method.

制备了一种新型阴离子交换膜－壳聚糖／壳聚糖季铵盐交联共混膜，并用FTIR对共混膜进行了初步表征；分析研究了不同交联度及配比对离子交换膜相关性能的影响；并运用测试膜电位的方法估算了离子的迁移数和选择透过度。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。