膜关节

The reasons of RA focus on disbalance of immunity net, the effect of so many cytokines and MMPs , and the tumor-like proliferation of fibroblast-like synovicytes in joints, though the cause of developing disease is unknow.

RA的发病过程中，免疫网络失衡，加上成纤维样滑膜细胞(fibroblast-like synoviocytes，FLS)的类肿瘤样生长及所分泌的大量促炎性细胞因子、趋化因子和金属蛋白酶，是导致关节内炎性细胞聚集，滑膜细胞增生和向周围组织侵蚀及基质降解和破坏的主要因素。

Methods Ninety-two clinically confirmed RA patients underwent high frequency ultrasonography. Maximum thickness and arterial RI of the wrist synovium were measured in active and nonactive stage.

选择临床确诊RA患者92例行高频超声检查，分别测量活动期和非活动期RA患者腕关节滑膜内动脉的RI值及滑膜最大厚度。

From the baseline population of 172,777 military conscripts, thirty-three consecutive young adult patients with normal preoperative MRIs of the knee and a sole postoperative diagnosis of medial plica were treated with arthroscopic plica resection.

在应征入伍的172，777名士兵中，33位青年患者具有正常的术前核磁共振表现和仅在术后才诊断出的膝关节内侧滑膜皱襞，这些人被进行了关节镜下滑膜皱襞切除术。

Conclusion］Arthroscopic synovectomy is a safe and efficient method for the early and middle stage of synovectomy in patients with hemophilia A.

结论］对于早中期血友病A膝关节滑膜炎，关节镜下滑膜切除是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。

Methods: Of the 18 cases of knee PVNS treated by arthroscopic total synovectomy, there were 11 cases with shaver and 7 cases with shaver plus radiofrequency technique. The patients were followed up for 14 to 42 months.

对18例膝关节弥漫型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者应用关节镜技术进行检查及治疗，其中11例应用刨削器、7例应用刨削器加射频技术进行滑膜切除，术后进行追踪观察，评定疗效。

Methods 32 cases of diffused pigmented villonodular synovitis were treated by arthroscopic total synovectomy, using routine anterior approach, combined with posteromedial, posterolateral and trans-posterior-septal approach.

方法1999年1月～2001年12月，对32例膝关节弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎，在常规关节镜入路的基础上，结合膝关节后内侧、后外侧和跨后纵隔入路，进行滑膜全切。

［Objective］To research the method, curative effect and indications of applying arthroscopy to treat hip disease, and investigate the valuation of arthroscopy on hip disease.［Method］Totally 103 patients (129 hips) were treated with arthroscopy by corresponsive modus operandi according to different pathogenetic conditions from Oct.2001 to Jan. 2007. Among the total cases, 50 hips were osteonecrosis of the femoral head; 8 hips were traumatic hip arthritis; 34 hips were hip osteoarthritis; 9 hips were pigmented villonodular synovitis; 12 hips were hip arthritis of ankylosing spondylitis; 6 hips were chronic synovitis; 6 hips were acetabular labrum injury; 2 hips were hip joint corpus liberum; 2 hips were coxarthropathy with indefinite reasons.

［目的］研究髋关节镜治疗髋关节疾病的方法、疗效及适应证，探讨关节镜在髋关节疾病中的临床价值［方法］2001年10月～2007年1月，采用髋关节镜手术治疗103例（129髋）髋关节疾病，其中股骨头坏死50髋；创伤性髋关节炎8髋；髋关节骨性关节炎34髋；色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎9髋；强脊性髋关节炎12髋；慢性滑膜炎6髋；髋关节盂唇损伤6髋；髋关节游离体2髋；不明原因髋痛2髋。

Methods HA and TGFβ1 were measured concurrently in synovial fluid samples from 23 patients with mild OA, 28 patients with severe OA and 6 patients with disciform meniscus. The determinations of positive rate of cellsin genual synovium with HA and TGFβ1 were detected by using immunohistochemical techonology.

提取23例OA病变轻微患者，28例病变严重患者，6例对照者的滑膜组织及关节液，采用免疫组织化学方法检测膝关节滑膜组织中HA、TGFβ1的阳性细胞率及通过夹心ELISA法测定膝关节滑液中HA、TGFβ1含量。

The reasons for false-positive facet blocks are multifactorial and include placebo response (18–32%) to diagnostic facet interventions, use of sedation, the liberal use of superficial LA, and the spread of injectate to paingenerating structures other than those targeted.166 Although some investigators have disputed this assertion,167,168 it is our belief that not only opioids, but sedatives such as midazolam, can lead to false-positive blocks by interfering with the interpretation of analgesic response (i.e., preventing a patient from engaging in normal activities) and virtue of their muscle relaxant properties.169 In a recent survey conducted in 500 patients receiving facet blocks or epidurals at an outpatient spine center, only 17% requested sedation.170

小关节阻滞性诊断的假阳性结果的原因是多种多样的，包括安慰剂反应(18–32%)，如利用镇静剂，浅表大量应用LA以及注射液外渗到目标外的其他疼痛发生阻滞。虽然有些学者对这种论断持怀疑态度，但是我们认为不论类罂粟碱，咪达唑仑等镇静剂，都可因具有麻醉反应（如可阻止患者从事正常活动）及肌松特点而导致假阳性率。在最近一项500人的研究中，这些门诊患者接受了小关节阻滞或硬膜外阻滞，只有17%患者需要镇静剂。

Methods Gothic arch tracing method was applied to20patients that included10patients of face unbalance,6patients of TMJDS,4patients of myofasical pain to confirm mandible's relations.

对20例患者，其中面部失衡患者10例，颞下颌关节紊。。。目的改善因为下颌偏位引起咬合障碍的总义齿患者，恢复其正常的生理功能。方法对20例患者，其中面部失衡患者10例，颞下颌关节紊乱综合征患者6例，肌筋膜疼痛4例。

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如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。