膜关节

Arthroscopic total synovectomy by shaver plus radiofrequency is a effective method to treat PVNS. The procedure is minimal invasive , easy to manipulate and useful to restore knee function.

应用关节镜下刨削器结合射频技术全关节腔滑膜切除治疗弥漫型色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎是行之有效的方法，具有操作简单、损伤少、恢复快的优点，近期疗效佳。

Methods Twenty two cases of RA patients (36 knees) were treated by arthroscopic surgery.The total synovectomy and debridement using multi portal approach were performed during the operation.

2003年5月至2004年8月，我科对22 例类风湿关节炎患者36侧膝关节进行关节镜手术治疗，术中经多入路切除全关节滑膜，同时清理关节腔。

Knee joints is the body most synovial joints, it was found synovitis in the knee.

膝关节是全身关节中滑膜最多的关节，故滑膜炎以膝为多见。

Particles of different material have different effects on synoviocytes. This appearance has some similarity with the reaction in the interface membrane around aseptically loosened prostheses.

不同的人工关节材料颗粒对体外培养滑膜细胞的作用不同，其表现与之在松动人工关节界膜组织中的反应相似。

Isolated rotatory dislocation is very rare in adults.11–13 Few cases of AARFs have been reported in adults, perhaps because the cause may often be a severe trauma associated with lethal injuries.3,4,12,14 –19 The mechanisms underlying persistent displacement in traumatic AARF include infolding of the synovial folds into the C1–C2 joints, muscle spasm, subsequent ligamentous contracture, articular cartilage damage, or facet fracture.1,11

离体旋转脱位在成人也很少见[11-13]。关于成人AARF病例的报道甚少，可能与严重创伤通常与高致死性损害相关[3，4，12，14 –19]。创伤性AARF持续移位的主要原因包括滑膜襞内折入C1-C2关节、肌肉痉挛、继发韧带孪缩、关节软件损伤或关节突骨折[1，11]。

The metabolic and endocrine sequelae of intrafacetal depot steroids have not been studied, but extrapolating from epidural steroid injections, one would expect suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis lasting up to 4 weeks depending on the depot steroid used, and impaired insulin sensitivity manifesting as elevated glucose levels for less than a week.251,252 Although rare, a host of infections have been reported after intraarticular injections including septic arthritis, epidural abscess, and meningitis.253–255 Case reports of spinal anesthesia and postdural puncture headache have also been published.256,257

小关节间隙类固醇滞留所产生的代谢和内分泌作用也未见研究，但是从硬膜外类固醇注射可以推知，依据使用量的不同，其抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的时间可以持续4周。很多报道显示关节内注射后可以发生感染，但发生率较少，包括脓毒性关节炎，硬膜外脓肿及脑膜炎。也可见关于脊髓麻痹及穿刺后疼痛的报道。

Objectives:Through the detection of the expression level of interleukins-1β(IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9) and nuclear factor kappa B in Synovium and the detection of the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-αin serum of collagen induced arthritis Wister rat, to investigate the relationship between IL-1β、MMP-9、NF-κB and arthritis index in the development of arthritis,and to understand the pathology of synoviocyte.This may provide an experimented proof for the diagnosis of clinical rheumatical arthritis. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups,namely the model controlled group and the normal controlled group,three subgroups were randomly divided in model group and controlled group separately.

目的：通过对白细胞介素1β，基质金属蛋白酶-9，转录因子核因子κB在胶原性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞表达水平的观察，同时监测同期血清细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的浓度，旨在探讨白细胞介素1β，基质金属蛋白酶-9，转录因子核因子κB与RA发生发展及其与关节指数之间的相关性，了解炎性病变关节滑膜细胞的病理生理状态，进一步为类风湿关节炎的临床治疗提供实验依据。

Their ages ranged from 9.1 to 18.5 years. The middle facet of the subtalar joint was explored surgically through a 3 to 4-cm-long incision centered oer the sustentaculum tali.

经外科手术去除距跟中间关节面里充血肿胀的滑膜和筋膜隔后，能减轻踝关节疼痛和改善距跟关节的活动。

It is evidents that "Wenjing" a mixture shows certain inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in synovial cells, which may be one of the mechanism of the therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis.

提示问荆合剂对Ⅱ型胶原诱导的大鼠关节炎具有一定抑制作用，可通过抑制关节滑膜分泌的炎性细胞原子TNF-α、IL-β的水平，从而减轻关节滑膜的炎症，可能是其治疗类风湿关节炎的作用机制之一。

Construct PLXRN-IL-1Ra and PLXRN-IL-10 vector, lapine synoviocytes were first transduced in culture by retroviral infection. The genetically modified synovial cells were then transplanted by intra-articular injection into the knee joints, assay of joint lavages confirmed that the gene expression was not lost after 14 days of transfer. Knees receiving the hIL-1Ra had significantly reduced cartilage breakdown. Delivery of the hIL-10 was less effective, When both genes were used together, there was a greater inhibition of cartilage breakdown and a considerable reduction of cartilage matrix degradation.

构建PLXRN-IL-1Ra、PLXRN-IL-10逆转录病毒载体，体外感染同种异体原代滑膜细胞，接着将转染了外源基因的滑膜细胞行关节腔注射入创伤性骨关节炎兔膝关节，通过对关节滑液的ELISA分析证明外源基因的表达在基因转移后14天还很稳定，只接受hIL-1Ra基因治疗的膝关节软骨损坏明显减轻，接受hIL-10基因治疗的膝关节治疗也有一定效果，当两种基因同时导入时，有非常明显的抑制软骨破坏和软骨基质降解的作用。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。