翻译语言

TT models, this paper established a new one of "subject omission", designating the overlapped part of the "input variance" and the "output variance", also the common part in both "semantic translation and "communicative translation". Thus, this new strategy not only gets popular with foreign readers, but also conveys and transferred the original flavor. It effectively absorbs the valid ingredients of the "disembodiment approach, and is proposed as a partly foreignization strategy, which are both initiated in this paper. Starting from the definition and function of subject omission, this paper illustrates its correlations with the characteristics of classical Chinese, features of poetic syntax and translation standard, followed by its close intimacy with the many traits of poetic aesthetics.

本文从马藤和纽马克的翻译模型出发，找到了input variance和 output variance，也即 Semantic Translation 与 Communicative Translation 中重叠的部分，即既能为外语读者所熟悉，又能体现原诗风格意境的结点：主语省略，融合了西洋翻译实验中"脱体句法"的合理成分，建立了诗歌翻译和主语省略关系的新模型，提出了中文诗歌部分异化的策略(与荷尔马斯诗歌翻译策略之三吻合)本文首先从主语省略的定义及功能入手，分别阐述了其与文言文的语言特征，诗歌句法的特征及与翻译标准之间的内在联系，及其与诗歌美学众特征之间的紧密联系。

Holistic naturalism is the theoretic prerequisite of Quine's theory of linguisticrelativity,from which Quine advances a serial of indeterminacy theses and doctrines andshows the relativity of language:the doctrine of underdetermination of theory showsthe relativity of whole describing of language;the thesis of indeterminacy of translationshows the relativity of linguistic paraphase;the doctrine of inscrutability of referenceshows the relativity of linguistic reference;the transformation of ontology shows thereducibility of ontology in the language.

奎因语言相对性理论的哲学前提是整体论自然主义，正是由此出发奎因阐发了一系列的不确定性论题，展现了语言的相对性：理论的不完全决定性学说表明了语言整体描述的相对性；翻译的不确定性学说表明了语言解释的相对性；指称的不可测知性学说表明了语言指称的相对性；本体论的变换表明了语言中本体论的可化约性。

Translator: A compiler, interpreter or assembler conversion program that translate s a high-level language or low-level language into machine language.

翻译程式：是一个用编译，传译或真译方法的转换程式。它把高阶层语言或低阶层语言翻译为机器语言。

Translator: A compiler, interpreter or assembler conversion program that translates a high -level language or low-level language into machine language.

翻译程式：是一个用编译，传译或真译方法的转换程式。它把高阶层语言或低阶层语言翻译为机器语言。

This method can not only make the students understand and become aware that language usage is established through its own language development , and thus formed its specific expressions , but also make them use established collocative word groups in translating conscientiously.

翻译中的智能板块：语言板块张振梅(山西师范大学外国语学院，山西临汾041004)摘要：本文针对大学生翻译操作中普遍存在的word2for2word 现象，提出了解决的方法，即把双语转换看成跨过语言桥梁、寻找对应语-语言智能板块的过程。

This survey of the present demand and use of computer based translation software concentrates on systems designed for the production of translations of publishable quality, including developments in controlled language systems, translator workstations, and localisation; but it covers also the developments of software for non translators, in particular for use with Web pages and other Internet applications, and it looks at future needs and systems under development.

摘要］ 本文综述了当前计算机翻译软件的需求和应用情况，着重讨论了如何设计翻译系统使其质量能达到可出版水平，其中包括开发受限语言翻译系统，翻译工作站，及软件本地化。同时本文还涉及到如何开发非传统概念的翻译软件，特别是针对Web 页面和其它应用在Internet 上各类信息的翻译软件。本文还讨论了机器翻译未来的需要以及正在开发的一些系统。

Domestication refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers, while foreignization designates the type of translation in which a target text deliberately breaks targetconventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the "original" Venuti,an Italian American translation theorist, defines foreignization as "an ethno deviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the readers abroad", and domestication as "an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bringing the author of the source language into the target language culture".

驯化是指翻译其中一个透明的策略，行文采用以减少对国外陌生的语言文字为目标读者而异化翻译类中指定对象文故意有所保留的休息targetconventions 外地人的&原始&·韦努蒂，意大利美国翻译理论家，异化定义为&民族的价值观偏差的压力登记的外国语言和文化差异文送国外读者&、驯化作为&种族文本对象减少外国语言文化价值观，作者把源语到目标语的文化&。

In the course of translating English advertisements, in order to ensure the reproduction of its language and style, translators must acquaint themselves with the product and the content and artistic form of the advertisement and observe the different characteristics and the grammatical norms of English and Chinese, reproducing the beauty of the rhyme scheme, the image and the brevity, etc.

在广告英语翻译的过程中，为了确保广告语言艺术和广告语篇风格的再现，译者必须透彻地了解广告产品和广告语篇的内容及其艺术形式，遵循英汉两种不同语言的特点和表达习惯，通过忠实和准确的翻译来再现原文的音韵美、形象美、简约美等语言艺术美。

By the following three breakthroughs. Firstly, translation studies much enhanced its examination in linguistic transfer, with a series of equivalences advanced, such as equivalence in phonetics, syntax, semantics, etc. Secondly, instead of being confined to the translated text, translation studies concernsitself more with the extralinguistic elements: the initiator who proposes or sponsors the translation of a certain work, the translator who produces the target text and the receiver that involves not only the target reader but the target cultural environment as a whole. Thirdly, translation has been surveyed

首先，它从一般层面上的对两种语言转换的技术性问题的研究，深入到了对翻译行为本身的深层探究，提出了语音、语法、语义等一系列的等值问题；其次，它不再局限于翻译文本本身的研究，而是把目光投射到了译作的发起者（即提议或组织翻译某部作品的个人或群体）、翻译文本的操作者和接受者（此处的接受者不光指的是译文的读者，还有整个译语文化的接受环境）身上；再次，它把翻译放到一个宏大的文化语境中去考察，并审视翻译在这种文化语境中的意义和作用。

The author offers a clarifying analysis of the two closelyrelated elements involved in translation — language and culture, with emphasis on the following points: 1 Language and culture cannot exist without each other, and languages not only represent elements of culture, they also serve to model culture; and 2 as culture normally changes faster than language, the meaning of a word must be determined by both the syntagmatic contexts and the cultural contexts.

论文作者对翻译过程中涉及的语言与文化这两个密切相关的因素提出了中肯的分析，包括语言与文化的关系和语言与文化意义的表现，作者强调：1）语言与文化不可能脱离另一方面而单独存在；2）语言不仅反映文化，同时也塑造文化；3）由于文化通常比语言的变化速度快，因而一个词语意义的确定要取决于句法结构和文化背景两方面

In her eyes, because that is the doorway toher heart * the place where love resides.

女人的漂亮必須從她的眼睛中去看，因為那是她心靈的窗戶和愛居住的地方

I will send some postcards to you.

我会向你发送一些明信片。