群体

There were three isozyme (AMY1, AMY2 and AMY3) at the locus of amylase in Qinghai Merino, moreover, there were two genotypes of AMY2A and AMY2O at the AMY2. Monomorphism was tested at the locus of AMY in Gansu Alpine Merino. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei's expected average heterozygosity for the 6 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Gansu Alpine Merino and in Qinghai Merino than that in others, which indicated that there are higher genetic variations and richer genetic diversity in Alpine Merino.

从6个血液蛋白位点的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度所估计的群体内的遗传变异以及与本研究其它群体的结果相比来看，甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊的群体内的遗传变异相对较大，而其它群体内的遗传变异则相对较小，说明高原型细毛羊群体内遗传变异程度较大，遗传多样性较丰富，具有较大的选择潜力，为高原型细毛羊进一步选育提高提供了遗传基础。

A fine-grained genetic algorithm based algorithm which is for the parameters optimization problem of agent model is proposed. The fine-grained genetic algorithm is used to solve the parameters optimization problem of agent model. As to the parameters optimization problem of the agents colony model, the first step is to define the concept of "the parameters mode of the combat agents colony" to describe the parameters of the combat agent colony model. Then the genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem with the parameters mode of the combat agent colony model as the genetic individual. Besides the algorithm, the algorithm dispatch tactic is also considered. And the two level sequence dispatch tactic and the two level nesting dispatch tactic are put forward for those complex parameters optimization problem. At last, the model parameters optimization under antagonism codition is studied. The means to solve this problem is to translate it into a kind of antagonism problem, then use the competitive co-evolutionary genetic algorithms to solve it.

其中：提出了一种基于细粒度模型的作战智能体模型参数优化求解算法，用细粒度模型遗传算法求解作战智能体模型参数优化问题；提出了"作战智能体群体参数模式"的概念，对作战智能体群体模型参数进行形式化描述，再以作战智能体群体参数模式为遗传个体，应用遗传算法求解作战智能体群体模型参数的优化问题；研究了上述优化问题求解算法的调度策略，提出了分层模型参数优化算法的双层顺序调度策略和双层嵌套调度策略，解决复杂的模型参数优化问题；将对抗条件下作战模型参数的优化问题转化为一种对抗性问题，应用竞争性共同进化遗传算法，进行求解。

In this paper, Self-categorization Theory was deemed as a starting point to examine when team members may have self-categorization perspective. Besides, what kind of impacts may arouse and influence their cooperative behaviors. The two main propositions which we deduced are as follows: 1 Thanks to self-categorization perspective, the members of the organization will become two different groups, i.e., in-group and out-group. Both of them have apparent differences on cooperative behaviors. 2 The more the members can flock together and form a unify group, the more cooperative behaviors will happen.

本研究以自我归类理论观点出发，试图去探讨团队中存在著自我归类的观点时，会对团队成员的合作行为产生何种影响，推论出两大主要命题：组织成员会因为自我分类而形成群体内与群体外两个群体，两者在产生合作行为上会有显著的差异，除此之外，当团队成员可以类化为同一个群体的程度越高，团队成员越容易产生合作行为。

In order to seamlessly combine NSGA-Ⅱ and the greatly different MOPSO, the special concepts (particle and its velocity, Pbest and leader) for MOPSO were dealt with within the scope of NSGA-Ⅱ: 1 particle in MOPSO was considered to be equivalent to offspring individual in NSGA-Ⅱ; 2 the concept of velocity fell into disuse; 3 the concept of Pbest also came into disuse. Instead of that, for each dimension of a particle, the nearest one among its nondominated individuals in parent population was used; 4 the leader of a particle was the individual with largest sparse degree among parent population or selected from parent population by binary tournament selection method, which of them taking effect lies on the predefined probability. In addition, a new concept, i.

为使这两种差异较大的算法实现无缝融合，在NSGA-Ⅱ算法范围内对MOPSO中特有的概念粒子及其速度、Pbest、引导者进行处理：1粒子对应于NSCA-Ⅱ中子代群体的个体；2不再使用粒子速度概念；3不再使用粒子Pbest概念，代之以从父代群体中为每个粒子的每一维寻找一个最近的该粒子非支配个体；4每一个粒子的引导者可以是父代群体中稀疏程度最大的个体或者是按照二进制随机竞赛选择方法从父代群体中选择的一个个体，具体哪一种方式发挥作用依赖于预先设定的概率。

To take advantage of the chaotic mapping, a repetition prepotency evolution algorithm with a population initialized by chaotic numbers is developed in which the chaotic mapping is an uncommon seeding-machine to produce different initial'chromosome'populations never appeared before for PE algorithm. The combination of chaotic mapping and PE makes PECA be able to probe lots of optima rapidly and effectively owing to the quick convergence speed of PE and relatively high population diversity guaranteed by chaotic mapping.

结合混沌来初始化优势进化算法的群体成员，还设计了基于混沌初始化群体成员的循环优势进化方法，该方法在混沌保证每次优势进化绝对不同的初始群体成员的情况下，不仅具有了优势进化的快速收敛优点而且有混沌映射保证群体成员的高度多样性，从而可以快速探测很多局部最优点，大大提高了找到全局最优点的机会，用它训练神经网络预测四卤化物振动频率研究充分体现了该策略的优越性。

A highly resistant primitive cultivated species Solanum phureja was employed to generate a mapping population to perform the bulked segregant analysis for screening of AFLP markers linked with the resistance. Another population which had genetic similarity to the mapping population was used for testing of the markers achieved.

以马铃薯青枯病高抗性的原始栽培种Solanum phureja获得的二倍体群体为作图群体进行AFLP标记的初步筛选，另选一个与作图群体有较大亲缘关系和相近遗传背景的二倍体群体对所获标记进行验证。

Theresults showed that the average gene flow was 2.0078. The genetic distance betweenTibet goat and JinTang black goat was minimum, and that between LeZhi black goat andJian Yang daer goat was maximum.

用POPGENE对7个地方山羊群体进行分析表明，群体问平均基因流为2.0078；藏山羊与金堂黑山羊群体间遗传距离最小，乐至黑山羊和简阳大耳羊群体间遗传距离最大。

In this paper, the specialties about edge colony consciousness and infirmness colony consciousness in Oekenzaburo's works are discussed by the point view of edge consciousness. Oekenzaburo's concerning to the infirmness colony is analyzed, and he is compared as the representative of the infirmness colony.

本文从边缘意识角度论述其作品中边缘群体意识和弱势群体意识的特点，并分析了大江是如何对弱势群体予以深切关注的，论证了大江是边缘与弱势群体的代言人。

Additionally, heterosis from cross breeding was analyzed and discussed. The major results and conclusions are presented as follows:1 Variances of shell shape and phenotypic traits among different stocks or populations of Meretrix clam1.1 The shell shapes of seven natural stocks(L、S、J、Z、F、G、W)and one cultured stocksshowed certain differences as well as similarities.

主要结果和结论如下：1文蛤不同群体的形态和性状的变异规律1.1文蛤不同群体的形态变异特征利用多变量形态度量学方法，对文蛤的辽宁、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、广西、白壳等7个自然群体和1个浙江养殖群体的形态变异进行研究。

Different genotypes were determined in Luxi monotocous cows, Luxi twinning cows, Chinese Simmental cows, Angus cows and Simmental×Mongolia cows by restriction fragment length polymorphism. The value of polymorphism information content indicated that this was a moderate polymorphism in Luxi monotocous cows and Luxi twinning cows.

运用PCR-RFLP法验证并分析该位点在鲁西牛双胎群体和单胎群体及中国西门塔尔牛、安格斯牛和西蒙杂交牛单胎群体间的多态性，结果表明，在鲁西牛双胎和单胎群体中分布A、B两个等位基因，处于中度多态。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。