群体

Title: Study on Decision Rule Optimization and Organization of Group Decision-making Abstract Group decision-making, as one of the basic forms of decision-making, plays an important role in economic and political fields due to the ever-increasing complexity of decision issue and the enhanced democracy awareness. Research of group decision-making is receiving more and more attention as the cutting edge of decision-making theory. Fruitful results are achieved in this field, while there are still some weak aspects for further research, especially in the organization and decision process ot group decision-making. Researches in those fields are instrumental in optimizing the organization and decision process of group decision-making. And we have made some exploration in this paper as follows.

随着决策问题的日趋复杂化和人们民主意识的增强，群体决策作为决策的一种基本形式，在政治和经济生活中占有越来越重要的地位，而群体决策作为决策理论研究的热点和前沿也在国内外方兴未艾，并取得了丰硕的成果，但也存在一些薄弱环节和需要深入研究的问题，特别是在群体决策的组织结构和决策过程方面，如群体决策的规则优化、决策规则的约束性质、群体决策中领导的影响、决策者之间的相关性对决策质量的影响、序贯群体决策中各种组织因素对其决策质量、决策效率、决策收益的影响等等。

Persons who had high level of social dominance orientation prefered enhancing hierarchy, and desired that "inferior" groups should be more dominated by "superior" groups, while persons who had low level of social dominance orientation prefered attenuating hierarchy, and desired that 'inferior' groups wouldn't be dominated by "superior" groups.

高社会支配倾向者偏好加大不同群体间的阶层差异，并期望优势群体更多地支配劣势群体；低社会支配倾向者偏好缩小不同群体间的阶层差异以增加社会平等，并期望优势群体更少地支配劣势群体。

By fingerprinting two of Mute Swan populations in Britain with HaeⅢ and pSPT19.6,it has been found that interpopulation variation is greater than intrapopulation variation ,and that the variability of minisatellites is higher in Lothian population than that in Abbotsbury population with regard to the Mme Swan.

用酶HaeIII和探针pSPT19.6分析了分布在英国的疣鼻天鹅种的两个群体(洛锡安群体和阿伯茨伯里群体)的DNA指纹图，结果表明两群体之间的遗传变异性大于群体内的遗传变异性；洛锡安群体内小卫星的变异程度较高。

UPGMA cluster analysis and genetic differentiation among populations showed that there had closer genetic relationship between Gongliu and Xinyuan populations and between Huocheng and Yumin populations and lower genetic variation between the populations.

UPGMA聚类分析和群体间遗传分化系数显示，巩留群体和新源群体之间，以及霍城群体和裕民群体之间，遗传关系最近，群体间遗传变异最低。

By the contrast between common population and inbreeding population, we know that the sameness of them are they all take the population for the synthesis of panmixia and selfing or inbreeding.

通过普通群体与近亲交配群体的比较，群体在非平衡条件下，普通群体与近亲交配群体相同的是都把群体作为随机交配和自交或近亲交配两部分的合成群体。

Sex-linkage population Used the most information principle prove the follow result: the sum of female and male information entropy less than three times of population gene information entropy, it is equal when population is reach equilibrium, and achieve the largest, from disequilibrium state to equilibrium, the entropy is swing but increase.

群体遗传变异的信息学模型研究（4）性连锁群体用最大嫡原理证明了雌性群体与雄性群体的信息嫡的和小于3倍的群体基因信息嫡，当群体平衡时相等，且达到最大。

Chapter 2 mainly discusses the commonness of the group, and studies the necessities of their creation commonness and how the assigned sculptures became the main way of the commonness emerging. Chapter 3 is mainly about the creation individuality of the group, and explores the characteristics and the development of their individuality. Chapter 4, from the angle of feminie study, discusses the feminie quality and femenie spirit in the works of the eight sculptresses. Finally, the writer tries to sum up the significance and value of the group study.

论文的第一章介绍了女雕塑家群体的概况，分析了群体形成的原因，并概括了群体的总体特征；第二章主要研究女雕塑家群体的艺术创作共性，分析了影响她们艺术创作共性的必然因素，由此探讨了任务性雕塑如何成为她们艺术创作共性显现的主要途径；第三章主要分析女雕塑家群体的艺术创作个性，探讨了她们艺术创作个性的特征和创作个性发展的多方面途径；第四章是从女性的角度来考察，讨论了她们艺术作品中的女性品质和女性精神；最后，本文总结了女雕塑家群体研究的意义和价值。

The last one include the evil clan influence and the mafia.Apart from these mentioned above,there are other small scale interest groups based on the standard of career such as special technist group clerk group commerce servant group unemployee and semi-unemployee group,etc.

另外，除了以上这几个主要的利益群体之外，转型期我国社会还存在着一些以职业分工为基础的规模较小的利益群体，它们是：专业技术人员群体、办事人员群体、商业服务业员工群体、城乡无业、失业、半失业者群体等。

To find some abstract criterions for governments functional department to make the theoretical foundation of relevant policies, can effective reduction and controlling the size of population of the . disadvantaged groups.This paper carries on the sampling research by the questionnaire survey and individual cusses interviews method to four social vulnerable groups, such as the poor farmers, the city farmer workers, the city unemployed worker and the disable or sick.

本文采用问卷调查法和个案访谈法对我国贫困农民，城市农民工，城市下岗工和残疾人等四类弱势群体进行抽样研究，运用数理统计法对调查数据进行统计，结合有关专家的建议和近几年来国内有关的文献资料，首先对我国弱势群体的总体体育消费状况进行了分析描述，然后分别对我国四类(弱势农民群体、城市农民工群体、城市下岗工人群体、残疾人群体等)弱势群体的基本特征、体育消费现状、体育消费倾向和体育消费发展趋势等四个方面的相关数据进行比较分析和论证。

The results of Experiment 1 showed that,for majority group members,upward social comparison information from ingroup resulted in promoted self-evaluation,which is called"assimilation effect",while the same information from outgroup resulted in lowered self-evaluation,which is called"contrast effect";for minority group members,the information either from ingroup or from outgroup had no effects on their self-evaluation.

实验1的结果表明，对于多数派群体的成员来说，来自内群体的向上社会比较信息会提高其自我评价，即产生同化效应，而来自外群体的向上社会比较信息会降低其自我评价，即产生对比效应；对于少数派群体的成员来说，无论向上社会比较信息来自内群体还是外群体，都对其自我评价几乎不产生影响。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。