理性地

Under the background of the argumentation between the scientific realism and the antirealism, relying on the breakthrough of Shapere's rational realism, making use of documentation, comparison and comprehensive induction, this paper studies and analyzes the thought and influences of Shapere's rational realism.

本文正是以科学实在论与反实在论的时代争论为背景，以夏佩尔的理性实在论为切入点，充分运用文献法、比较法和综合归纳法等方法，对夏佩尔的科学实在论思想及其影响进行系统地研究并加以分析。

The political order requests the behavior main body to controllably participates in the political life with the attitude of acknowledging the participating and conforming to the actual participating requests.

政治秩序要求政治系统内的行为主体以承认参与规则的理性态度，符合实际的参与要求，有序、可控地参与政治生活。

These two qualities, the daunting and the fascinating, combine in a strange harmony of contrasts, and the resultant dual character of the numinous consciousness, to which the entire religious development bears witness, at any rate from the level of the 'daemonic dread' onwards, is at once the strangest and most noteworthy phenomenon in the whole history of religion.

帕斯卡认为世界上有两种智慧：一是那种简单无知的大众，他们生活在传统与想象的智慧中，以似乎是盲目，毫无抵抗的方式彻底掘弃自己地相信一种信念，然后通过约定俗成的礼仪与传古的神话来巩固自己的信念；另一种是圣人与哲人，这是一种通过科学，理性与哲学的探讨来认识自己的无知。

In his literary and dramatic works, Lessing expressed the thoughts to Enlighten and foster the national sprit and even to set up an integral national civilization; what"s more, he opposed the feudal separationist rule with his ideal of Kosmopolitismus. At that time, after succeeding and developing European humanist tradition, Lessing formed his religious philosophy and religious tolerance, with his rational opinion, he deepened the profundity of German Enlightenment. Furthermore, he created townspeople"s drama and advocated the realistic aesthetics. On the one hand, he praised their disposition and expressed their political desire and class interest, which made the townspeople as a new motive force to the German Enlightenment. In addition, Lessing"s Enlighten. thoughts greatly influenced the following movement—Sturm Und Drang. The essence of Lessing"s thoughts is our common valuable prosperity.In a word. Germany then greatly needed a person like Lessing, and Lessing was the child of German Enlightenment.

面对法国文化长期统治德国文化界的现状，莱辛勇敢地站出来反对&法国化&倾向，对德意志全社会进行民族启蒙，通过戏剧理论及作品，表达了建立统一的民族文化、培植德意志民族精神的思想，同时他提倡世界主义，并用它来为民族主义服务，以反对当时德国的分裂割据；他的宗教哲学思想及宗教宽容精神继承和发扬了西欧的人文主义传统，反映了莱辛的理性观，也针砭了当时德国的时弊，是他对德国启蒙运动进行的有益的探索，拓宽了德国启蒙运动的深度；莱辛在实践中创作了市民剧，他的市民主义和现实主义美学思想弘扬了市民阶级的性格，表达了他们的政治愿望和阶级利益，为德国启蒙运动增加了新的动力，是莱辛所作的杰出贡献之一；莱辛的启蒙思想对后世特别是狂飙突进运动有着重大的影响，他的思想中的精华部分是人类的共同财富。

the experiments on behaviour economics indicate that all people are not egoistical, and they not only consider their own material gain,but also concern about the fairness of income.

小 摘要：传统激励理论依据代理人为理性人的假设前提，不能很好地解决保险代理的薪酬激励问题。行为经济学研究认为行为人并非纯自利的，在考虑自身物质收益的同时还会关注收入的公平性。

We are more aware of the fragileness of life: the failure in exams, the frustration in getting a promotion, the disharmony between neighbours, the contradictions in the family, the lover who transfers his/her love from one person to another one, the quarrels between children, the bickers between brothers, even those trivialities could make one out of his senses, disturb his mind greatly, thus leading to the crisis of life -- commiting suicide or killing others.

我们更为清楚的是生命的脆弱：考试失败，晋级受挫，提拔无望，邻里失和，家内矛盾，恋人移情，小孩吵架，兄弟斗嘴等等，甚至是许多鸡毛蒜皮，提不起筷子的事也都可以令人失去理性，心智大乱而导致生命的危机：自杀或杀人。所以很多深刻的哲人在总结了形形色色的人生后，都叹说生命何其脆弱。但是也有一些人，人间所有的苦难和不幸都好像冲他而来，他痛苦他悲伤他哭泣，但却都承受了下来，依然清醒而理智，依然从容而坚定，依然一丝不苟地走完自己的人生道路。

If Professors Goldin and Katz have it right; if finance is indeed the "rational choice," why do you keep raising this issue with me?

如果果真如Goldin和Katz教授所说；如果去搞金融确实是一个&理性&的选择，为什么你们会不停地向我提出这类问题？

If Professors Goldin and Katz have it right; if finance is indeed the "rational choice," why do you keep raising this issue with me?

如果果真如Goldin和Katz教授所说；如果去搞金融确实是一个&理性&的选择，爲什麽你们会不停地向我提出这类问题？

As for the standard rational hypothesis of economics, it is weak for its power to explain altruistic behavior; this paper establishes improvably a new hypothesis that forms new relations between the egoistic motivation and the utility function of agent. And then gives a general proposition: egoistic and altruistic behavior both originally come from a unique and invariable egoistic motivation.

提要：斯密问题及其在当代的延展是：一种利己动机能否驱策利己和利他两种行为针对标准新古典理性假设对于利他行为的解释力疲弱，本文改进性地建构了利己动机与行为人效用函数及其关系，提出了一般性命题：利己或利他行为都根源自唯一不变的利己动机。

Such as L. Robbins who attempted to narrowly define the nature and the scope of economics, the neoclassical economics that sets up rational economics man as the fundamental assumption of behavior, Milton Friedman who maintained the notorious argument of irrelevancy of assumption, the professional economists who are obsessed in the self-help mathematical game in the name of the seemingly right positive studies, all of these efforts have so far never plausibly proved that the positive economics is built upon a solid foundation of methodology.

罗宾斯对经济学研究的性质和研究范围的狭窄界定，新古典经济学的高度简略化的&理性经济人&基本行为假设，弗里德曼的&假设不相关性&观点，乃至专业经济学家们似是而非的&实证&，以及在&实证&旗号下沉湎于数理&自助游戏&中所实际奉行的方法论形式主义，所有这些都未能令人信服地证明：实证经济学具备一个坚实可靠的方法论基础。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。