现代文学

The theoretical visual angle of native folk in modern novels not only reveals the relationship between native folk, clerisy and national ideology,but also shows that the native folk containing large and scholarly contents takes part in the construction of modern literature rather than passively manifests,it has a notable impact on the development of modern literature.

在现代小说中"乡土民间"这一理论视角不仅揭示了乡土民间、知识分子、国家意识形态三者之间的相互关系，同时也显示了乡土民间不仅仅是被动地被表现，而以其博大精深的内容参与了现代文学的建构，对现代文学的发展有着重要的影响。

First,inspected Zhang Tianyi novel's practical pursue and the criticalness strengthens,he can always adhere to the spirit of realism,and integrates own life to realize from experience,entrusts with its meaning of the times,has affected the new writers' creative thinking,and find a new way for the left-wing literature being forward;next, Zhang Tianyi profited from some theatrical creation factor to realize its satire intention,has had the important influence to the 1930's satire literatures,expanded its influence,urged the satire literature to move towards flourishing;Once again, Zhang Tianyi novel's modernity search has made the preliminary conformity and the standard to Modern Chinese Literature's modernity reforming regards the realism ideological trend in China's changing,its modernity value and the significance, were urging the literature powerfully in 1930's to modernized forward.

首先，考察了张天翼小说的写实性追求和批判性强化，他能够始终坚持写实的精神，并融入自己的生命体悟，赋予其时代的意义，影响了新文学作家的创作思维，为正在前进中的左翼文学找到了新的路向；其次，张天翼借鉴了一些戏剧性的创作因素来实现其讽刺的意图，对30年代的讽刺文学产生了重要影响，扩大了其影响，促使着讽刺文学逐渐走向繁兴；再次，张天翼小说的现代性探求对中国现代文学的现代性转型做出了初步的整合和规范来看待现实主义思潮在中国的流变，其所具有的现代性价值与意义，有力地促使着文学在1930年代向现代化的迈进。

Mainland experiences made Taiwan writers absorb more nutrition from May Fourth New Literature, what promoted the rising and development of Taiwan New Literature. Zhou Ding-shan agreed with the three main themes of modern Chinese literature and Lu Xun's style. Wang Bai-yuan finally selected the latter between "art" and "revolution", and this was the same foreordination of many modern Chinese literature writers.

大陆经验使台湾作家更多从五四新文学中吸取营养，促进了台湾新文学的兴起和发展，如周定山与中国现代文学三大主题和鲁迅风格有相当的契合；王白渊在"艺术"和"革命"之间最终选择了后者，而这是诸多中国现代文学作家的共同"宿命"。

In the last chapter, a discussion is made of resources for Mao Duns literary creation.

但如果要综合论述必定会篇幅冗长，故在&茅盾与中国现代作家&一章中，本文选择了与茅盾有密切关系的鲁迅、瞿秋白和郑振铎三人，分别代表了思想性、政治性和文学性，构成了一种立体的现代文学状态，将茅盾置身其中，考察茅盾与现代文学的深刻关系。

Taking a view of Yan'An literature deciding by political for a example: the view of Yan'An literature decided by political is result by defects of two view between "literature is reflection of political" and "pure literature". Although it includes some positive features, it's ruddily and judgment feature in theory result in a new ideology.

以延安文学&政治决定论&的形成为例：延安文学&政治决定论&的形成是中国现代文学研究中的&政治反映论&和&纯文学&积弊的结果，其出现的合理性在于其对&政治反映论&的批判性，但其理论基础和研究格局的偏狭，以及对延安文学作品超越价值的压抑，使其成为延安文学研究中新的意识形态。

If we can further clarify recognition on the mainstream literary views by standing on the entrance of the modern literature, we can more exactly, thoroughly examine and summarize literary views by observing the transformation of the mainstream literary views and the mainstream literature The dissertation holds that the most original reason on the unmaturity of the 20th-C Chinese literary modernity is just the utilitarian literary functional view.

如果说在现代文学的入口处，可以对主流文学观念的发生有更清楚的认识，那么通过三十年代以后主流文学观念和主流文学的流变，可以更准确、全面地观察、总结出功利主义的文学观念所带来的弊端。本文认为，功利主义的文学功用观是造成二十世纪中国文学现代性不成熟状态的主要原因。

It criticizes the Christian culture which has influenced on Chinese modern writers with microscopical analysis in the macroscopcal background. In this book, the author lays stress on using the firsthand materials and dredges and analyses the materials concerning the relation between Chinese modern writers and Christian culture. It is expected to attain unique academic value and significance in the study of Chinese modern leterature, and wish to fill in a few gasps of Chinese modern literary studying.

该著在研究方法上，注重第一手资料，努力从对资料的疏理和分析中，在疏理中国现代作家与基督教文化的关系及其所受到的影响中，以文化学、比较文学、社会学、美学等多种研究方法进行研究，以期在中国现代文学研究中具有独特的学术价值和意义，以填补中国现代文学研究领域里的某些方面的空白。

In such a way a series of vivid characters were produced during this period of timeIn the later half of 1940,movie literature scripts complied with the historical process of the Chinese modem literature,and echoed the turbulent tide of the times.Either emphasized on the consciousness of social criticism,or inclined to the consciousness of humanism,its ideological nature and the direction for creation was very explicit.But this "directional" expression and the demand were not conceptual,or stiffly inbreathed. It is the "concrete image",the "metaphor" of the text,revealed naturally in accordance with the development of the plot and the molding of characters.It can be said as "the wind rippled the surface of the water naturally" and presented excellent artistic technique and high standard.The film scripts writers of the society group undertook the Chinese movie tradition of moving with the history,on an unusual level achieved a new altitude of ideology,and obtained a new artistic achievements.

由于电影文学剧本独特的语言表达方式，其在人物塑造上具有不同于小说、戏剧的特点。1940年代后半期电影剧作者高度重视电影文学剧本中人物形象的塑造，运用电影化的思维方式来刻画人物，依托人物性格的发展来展开故事，使得这时期电影文学剧本在引人入胜的故事书写中，绘就出了一长串内涵丰富、形象生动、有血有肉的人物群。1940年代后半期电影文学剧本既顺应着中国现代文学的历史进程，又呼应着动荡巨变的时代大潮，无论是侧重社会批判意识的，还是倾向人文关怀意识的，其思想性或方向性是非常明确的，但这种&方向性&的表达和诉求既不是概念性的，也不是生硬的灌输，而是&具体形象&的，是&隐寓&文本之中，在故事情节发展和人物性格塑造之中自然而然地流露出来的，可以说是&风行水上，自然成纹&，呈现出高超的艺术技艺和水准。

At the same time, with the rise of modern mass culture and the electronic media. Developed, modern literature classic Reinterpreting have started from the traditional literary criticism and literary accepted way to the image of the electronic media approach.

同时，随着现代大众文化的兴起和电子传媒的发达，对现代文学经典的重释，也开始由传统的文学接受和文学批评的方式，转向电子传媒的图像化方式。

Based on articles, prefaces, postscripts of the LRS anchors, its major publications as well as other scholars studies on this society, the thesis aims to reassess its literary and political pursuits, translation activities and contributions to modern Chinese literature so as to reveal possible cultural constraints in a historical and social frame.

本文将文学研究会置入其产生的历史文化背景之中，深入研究了文学研究会主要成员的论文、前言、后记、译序，文学研究会主要出版物的期刊目录和书目以及其他学者的相关研究成果，对其主要的文学政治主张、翻译活动和对中国现代文学的贡献进行梳理，以期揭示影响其翻译活动的社会文化因素。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。