温带

So the appetitive element in a temperate person ought to be in Nicomachean Ethics 1119b 58 harmony with reason; for the aim of both is what is noble, and the temperate person's appetite is for the right thing, in the right way, and at the right time, and this is what reason requires as well.

因此，在温带的人欲求元素应在尼各马科伦理学 1119b 58 有理性的和谐，为两国正是这一崇高目标，而温带，人的食欲是正确的事，以正确的方式，和在合适的时间，这是什么理由，以及需要。

The Farming-pastoral Zone in North China was separated into 8 Eco-regions according to the known Eco-region. The dissertation analyzed the regional differences of land use changes from three aspects on dynamic degree , land use degree and the change direction (1)On land use dynamic degree, the dynamic degree of the cropland was the highest in North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and the lowest in temperate forest steppe; forest land's was the highest in alpine meadow and the lowest in warm temperate forest steppe; grassland's was the highest in temperate forest steppe-bunchgrass steppe and the lowest in alpine meadow; other land's was the highest in North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest－the Huang-Huai-hai plain and the lowest in warm temperate bunchgrass steppe.

结合已有的自然生态区的划分，将我国北方农牧交错带划分为8 个自然生态区，选取土地利用动态度、土地利用程度以及土地利用变化方向等3 个方面的指标对研究区进行了区域分异规律的研究，结果如下：（1）耕地动态度北暖温带落叶阔叶林生态区——北部山地丘陵区最大，温带森林草原生态区最小；林地的动态度高寒草甸生态区最大，暖温带森林草原丛生禾草草原生态区——东南森林草原区最小；草地动态度温带森林草原——丛生禾草草原生态区最大，高寒草甸生态区最小；其他用地的动态度北暖温带落叶阔叶林生态区——黄淮海平原区最大，暖温带森林草原丛生禾草草原生态区—西北丛生禾草草原区最小。

The temperate woody bamboos are a morphologically diverse group with a complicated taxonomy. The Arundinaria group has an East Asia-North America disjunct distribution, which is one of those with complex taxonomy in the temperate woody bamboos.

温带木本竹类是竹亚科中一个形态多样化明显并有着复杂分类历史的类群，而青篱竹属群是温带木本竹类中系统关系比较复杂的类群之一，呈典型的东亚—北美间断分布。

Climatic gradients were based on data sets from 841 meteorological stations throughout China. Definitions for floristic distributional patterns were based upon the work of Prof. Z. Y. Wu. Most of these floristic distributional patterns were strongly correlated with the geographic gradients in climate, except for cosmopolitan, cultivated and invasive genera. Tropical genera form a large fraction of the total genera (ranging from 0.84% to 94.38% in the regional floras) with the highest proportion in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Tropical genera occur predominantly in southern China of 0° N latitude and decreased with increasing latitude, as would be expected. Interestingly, the disjunct Tropical Asia and Tropical America distribution were not restricted to southern latitudes. Temperate genera account for 5.1% to 98.83% of the total genera in regional floras with the highest proportion in the province of Xinjiang. Most of these genera followed geographic gradients in climate as expected (temperate genera conspicuously dominate the landscape at higher latitudes), except the East Asian and North American disjunct distribution, Eastern Asian distribution and Chinese endemic distribution. Generally, most plant genera demonstrated some correlation with climatic and geographic gradients. The most important gradients were those of annual air temperature and precipitation. A small fraction did not demonstrate significantly particular pattern:"Cosmopolitan","East Asian and North American disjunct","Eastern Asian" and "Chinese endemic" distributions. The North Temperate distribution had the highest correlation with mean annual air temperature and precipitation.

结果如下：(1)除世界分布、栽培和入侵成分外，大部分中国种子植物属的地理成分的分布与地理相关密切；(2)热带分布属（泛热带分布、热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布、旧世界热带分布、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布、热带亚洲至热带非洲分布及热带亚洲分布合计）占各地方植物区系的0.84%到94.38%，其最低值出现在中国西北部的新疆和青海地区，最高值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(3)热带分布属在＜北纬30°的地区占优势，除热带亚洲至热带美洲间断分布外，其它热带成分随纬度增加迅速减少；(4)温带分布属（北温带分布、东亚和北美间断分布、旧世界温带分布、温带亚洲分布、地中海区、西亚到中亚分布、中亚分布和东亚分布合计）占各地方植物区系的5.1%至98.83%，其最高值出现在中国西北部的新疆地区，最低值出现在中国云南南部和海南；(5)除东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，其它温带成分随纬度增加迅速增加；(6)在温带成分中，东亚和北美间断分布及东亚分布属主要出现在中国亚热带到暖温带地区，北温带分布、旧世界温带分布和温带亚洲分布属在中国北部占优势，而地中海区、西亚到中亚分布和中亚分布属则在中国西北部占优势；(7)除世界分布、东亚和北美间断分布、东亚分布和中国特有分布外，所有其他成分都显示了与气候因素密切相关，其中，北温带分布属与年均温和年降雨量最为密切相关。

Lingonberry is widely distributed. By the consistent effort of the relative blue berry researchers', many excellent species apt to be grown in the subtropical area, temperate area and boreal area are selected.

野生蓝莓分布很广，通过育种学家的努力，现已选育出分别适合于亚热带、温带和寒温带几个气候区域栽培的种类和优良品种。

Compared carbon pools and turnovertime under different soil types, the result shows: soil total organic carbon is grey cinnamonforest soil＞dark-brown soil＞meadow soil＞brown coniferous forest soil＞red soil＞yellowsoil＞yellow brown soil＞paddy soil＞red soil＞flubo-aquic soil＞fengsha soil,temperate forest soil＞subtropical forest soil＞subtropical cropland soil＞temperate dry soil.Active carbon is temperate forest soil＞subtropical soil.

对不同土壤类型的碳库及其驻留时间进行比较，得出：有机碳含量呈现：灰褐土＞暗棕壤＞草甸土＞棕色针叶林土＞红壤＞黄壤＞黄棕壤＞水稻土＞农田红壤＞潮土＞风沙土，温带森林土壤＞亚热带森林土壤＞亚热带农田土壤＞温带干旱土壤；活性碳含量是温带森林土壤＞亚热带的土壤。

For organizing vegetation submodel, started with the bottom-up gateway to agglomerate plot-data. The vegetation types must be confirmed before predictive vegetation mapping, therefore designed a transforming program to combine 585 plot-data from different surveys for the purpose. But the result of the classification and ordination of the combined plot-data couldn't display comprehensive vegetation types of Taiwan, because the plots were insufficient and disproportionate. Consequently, this study adopted the top-down gateway to divisive vegetation. After referring to Taiwan and east-Asia vegetation research papers and American national vegetation classification system etc., the physiognomic classification scheme of Taiwan had been drafted as vegetation submodel. The scheme included 4 levels: 2 classes, 5subclasses (subarctic, coldtemperate, cooltemperate, warmtemperate, subtropical), 8 groups (based on phenology and types of predominant leaf) and 16 formations (based on moisture regime and predominant taxa). And, the scheme dealt completely with the diverse nomenclatures of vegetation types in the past.

为建立植群亚模型，首先依「整合大量样区资料，由下而上的低阶植相聚类」之途径，设计建档程序及转档程式，成功整并不同来源之585个样区资料，但因样区数目不足且分布不均，分析结果未能显示出台湾完整的植群类型；故转循「预先设定植群类型，由上而下的高阶形相分类」之途径，经参考他国植群分类系统及台湾、东亚植群分类研究报告，订定分类原则及架构，提出4阶层之潜在植群形相分类方案：(1)寒原、森林2类群系纲；(2)亚寒带、冷温带、凉温带、暖温带、亚热带5类群系亚纲；(3) 8类群系组表徵优势植群之叶片的物候与形态；(4) 16类群系说明其水分境制及优势分类群；此方案统一处理了过去各种有关植群划分之纷岐名制，方案之各阶植群类型亦即本研究之植群亚模型。

The species of green and brown algae found in the intertidal were mainly warm t emperate , those of red algae were more varied, however, including warm temperate , temperate and subtropic as well as cold temperate species. There existed signi ficant difference in species dominance among the four seasonal communities.

绿藻和褐藻类群主要为暖温性种类，而红藻类群比较复杂，即有暖温带性的、温带和暖水性种类，也有寒温带的冷水性种类。4个季节群落的物种优势度序列存在明显的差异，海黍子在春季和冬季为群落的第1优势种，而孔石莼在夏季和秋季为第1优势种。

In this study, the phylogeny of the temperate woody bamboos was reconstructed based on eight non-coding regions of the chloroplast genome and nuclear gene GBSSI using large sample set (124 species in 24 genera) with an emphasis on the Arundinaria group. The monophyly of the temperate woody bamboos was resolved in all phylogenies.

通过大量的野外补点采集和观察，本文收集了温带木本竹类中的24属124种研究材料，利用8个叶绿体非编码区片段以及核基因GBSSI序列数据，以青篱竹属群为主，重建温带木本竹类的系统发育，结果支持温带木本竹类的单系。

The north temperate, the pantropic, the East Asia, the cosmopolitan, the old world temperate and the East Asia and North America disjuncted distribution were main types of pesticide seed plants in Henan Province.

河南农药植物区系组成中，以北温带、泛热带、东亚分布、世界广布、旧世界温带分布、东亚和北美洲间断分布6种为主，植物区系中热带成分约为温带成分的3/5。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。