淀粉

Gelatinized corn starch was prepared by a co-rotating twin-screw extruder,and through drying and comminuting process. Thermoplastic starch was prepared with the gelatinized corn starch powder as raw material and glycerol and Polyvinyl Alcohol as plasticizing agents. Thermoplastic starch sheet was prepared with extruding process. Degree of gelatinization was tested by a polarizing microscope. Mechanical properties of prepared thermal plastic starch sheets were studied in relating to type and amount of the plasticizing agents.

利用双螺杆挤出机对玉米淀粉进行糊化处理，经干燥、粉碎后制得预糊化淀粉，以其为原料，添加甘油，PVA为增塑剂制备热塑性淀粉，经模压制备片材后，通过偏光显微镜分析了淀粉的糊化情况，研究了甘油含量和PVA含量变化对材料性能的影响。

The analysis results of FTIR , SEM, X-ray Diffraction and TG-DSC proved that,the existence of graft copolymerization between cassava starch and acrylamide was occured;the structures of cassava were destroyed during the copolymerizing; the structures of the copolymer were largely amorphous; within the range of 700℃,the thermal degradation process of the St-g-PAM was divided into three-steps, which was more complex than that of cassava.

FTIR、SEM、X射线衍射、TG-DSC分析结果表明木薯淀粉与丙烯酰胺已发生接枝共聚反应；木薯淀粉在接枝共聚反应中，结构被破坏，接枝共聚物的结构基本上为无定型结构；在700℃温度范围内，木薯淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的热降解为三步降解历程，比木薯淀粉复杂。

Result Nutrient components could induce corresponding gastrointestinal digestive enzymes of crayfish at dietary protein or cellulose level of 0, 33%, 50%, comparing to starch 0, 33%; Animal protein and cellulose at high level were beneficial for the SOD, while starch was opposite. Liver glycogen of crayfish fed with high-protein diets were even higher than these with highcarbohydrate diets, meanwhile, the muscle glycogen apparent consistent with the content of carbohydrate. Overall, crayfish was well adaptable to change in the dietary composition.

结果］饲料营养组分对鳌虾肠胃消化酶有良好的诱导作用，即：动物蛋白和纤维素均在0、33%、50%时可引起相应消化酶的适应性上升，而淀粉仅在0、33%时可引起淀粉酶上升；较高的动物蛋白和纤维素有益于肌肉中SOD的提高，而高淀粉则会显著降低鳌虾SOD值；肝糖原在高蛋白情况下能不受饲料中淀粉含量下降的影响，肌糖原则与淀粉含量保持一致；各生化指标经一定天数的波动后趋于稳定。

The research presented here is aimed at exploring the effect of DTT on the in vitro fibril formation of hen egg-white lysozymes with four disulfide bonds. In this work, we specifically addressed the effect of DTT concentration under different incubation temperatures on the hen lysozyme structure and fibril formation, the effect of addition of DTT at later time points on the amyloid fibrillization of hen lysozymes, and the effect of concentration ratio between reduced and oxidized forms of DTT on the fibril formation of lysozymes.

本研究以具有四对双硫键的母鸡蛋白溶菌酶为蛋白质模式系统，在含盐类之酸性溶液环境下诱导生成类淀粉纤维，再配合二硫代苏糖醇破坏溶菌酶中的双硫键，探讨：（1）不同温度下加入不同DTT浓度对溶菌酶类淀粉纤维形成之影响，（2）不同生长时期加入DTT对溶菌酶类淀粉纤维形成之影响，（3）不同比例之DTT和氧化态DTT浓度对溶菌酶类淀粉纤维形成之影响。

An amylase or a mixture of amylases that converts starch to maltose,found in certain germinating grains such as malt.

淀粉□一种把淀粉或麦芽糖的淀粉□或淀粉□的混合物，可在某些发芽的谷物比如麦芽中找到

Five parameters in the process, namely initial starch slurry concentration, pH, reaction temperature, reaction time and anhydrides concentration were investigated.

以轻度水解淀粉为原料，以取代度为衡量标准，采用单因素和正交试验方法研究湿法工艺制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯，从淀粉乳的初始浓度、pH、反应温度、反应时间和酸酐浓度五个方面研究辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯最佳制备工艺。

We found the relationship among starch metabolism, metabolisms of other components and gene expressing profiling due to the accumulation of sugar. Then, genes expression patterns of starch biosynthesis in leaves and developing endosperms of 5 maize inbreds were studied for the contribution of different genes to starch biosynthesis in endosperm.

为深入了解玉米淀粉合成的分子调控机理，本研究首先以B73、ae/wx和sh1授粉后15天的胚乳为材料，利用18K Affymetrix玉米基因组芯片平台，研究了突变体材料中基因表达谱的变化，发现了淀粉合成受阻后糖的积累对其它物质代谢和基因表达调控的影响；在此基础上，对可能参与淀粉合成的基因以多个自交系为材料，分析它们在叶片和胚乳发育过程中的表达模式，研究了不同成员对胚乳淀粉合成的贡献。

Based on brief introduction of nutritional components,development,and genetic control of endosperm,it is reviewed on a serial of novel mutations,such as the waxy,dull,misty,sugary,shrunk,floury,low amylose,high amylose, low paste viscosity,high resistant starch,low glutelin content,protein body absent,high iron,low phytic acid endosperms and gene locations of the related mutated characters.

本文在简要介绍胚乳的发育、组成及品质性状遗传的基础上，综述了与淀粉、蛋白质和微营养相关的系列胚乳突变及相关性状的基因定位。胚乳突变主要包括糯性、暗色、云雾状、糖质、皱缩、粉质米、低直链淀粉、高直链淀粉、低粘滞性、高抗性淀粉、低水溶性蛋白、蛋白体缺失、高赖氨酸、高铁、低植酸等方面。

Different contribution of the genes to starch biosynthesisLeaves and developing endosperms of Q319, C7-2, q404, ZN-A and S8 were used to study the expression patterns of 44 genes participating in starch synthesis. We found that ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1 were expressed exclusively in the metaphase and anaphase of developing endosperm, and the expression patterns of ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul were consistent with the process of starch synthesis in the endosperm, while ZmUGP3 and ZmSUT2 were highly-expressed in all samples, suggesting that these genes perhaps devoted to starch synthesis in endosperm.

淀粉生物合成基因的不同贡献以Q319、C7-2、q404、ZN-A和S8自交系的幼叶、成熟叶、成熟子房、授粉后1d、5d、10d的种子和15d、20d、25d的胚乳为材料，研究了参与淀粉合成的44个基因的表达模式，研究发现ZmGBSSⅠ、ZmSSⅢ、ZmSBEⅡb、ZmBT2-2、ZmSh2-2、ZmSh2-3、ZmBT1在胚乳发育中后期特异性表达，ZmSUS1、ZmSus1L、ZmSUS3、ZmSSⅠ、ZmSSⅡa、ZmSBEⅠ、ZmISO1、ZmPul的表达在淀粉合成期显著上调，ZmUGP3和ZmSUT2在所有组织中高水平表达，说明这些基因可能主要负责胚乳淀粉的生物合成。

Allyl starch was prepared by etherification pretreatment of introducing allyl groups onto starch, and then AS-g-PMA was synthesized through graft copolymerization between allyl starch and methyl acrylate. The adhesion to fibers, sizing film and sizing performance of the blended size composed of AS-g-PMA and PVA-1799 were investigated. And the possibility by using AS-g-PMA to substitute PVA component was studied by contrast experiments.

摘〓要：通过烯丙基化变性对淀粉进行预处理制取烯丙基淀粉，再与丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝共聚合成接枝淀粉，文章探索了这种接枝淀粉与PVA1799混合浆的黏附、浆膜及浆纱性能，与目标配方进行比较，揭示出AS-g-PMA取代PVA的可能性。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。