测定...的时间

To study the mechanism of liver injury by lipid peroxidation and free radical and the protection of metallothionein in acute cadmium toxication,the contents of MT and malonyl dialdehyde,metabolic product of lipid peroxidation,and activities of antioxidases in cadmium-exposed rat liver at different time were determined.

测定镉染毒后不同时间大鼠肝脏的MT和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛的含量及抗氧化酶的活力，观察肝细胞超微结构的损伤，进行自由基(H2O2)的定位。

Light microscope and transmission electron microscopy showed that SMMC-7721 cells induced by SAHA had undergone the restorational alteration in morphology and ultrastructure, which were different from those of nontreated cells but were similar to those of normal cells, and the changes were as follows: the cells turned to be flat and spread; the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio lessened and nuclear shape became rather regular; the number of nucleolus reduced and its volume lessened; euchromatin increased while heterochromatin decreased in nucleus; in the cytoplasm, mitochondria grew in number with relatively consistent structure and well-developed mitochondria cristae; Golgi complex turned to be well-developed and typical; rough endoplasmic reticulum increased. Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of AFP and PCNA were declined significantly. FCM analysis showed SAHA could arrest SMMC-7721 cells in G0/G1 phase, with an accumulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase while a decrease of cells in S phase. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection revealed that the expression of p21WAFl mRNA was upregulated remarkably in the cells treated with SAHA.

结果：倒置显微镜和透射电镜观察显示，经SAHA处理的细胞增殖速度显著减慢，细胞体积增大，细胞核较小，形状较为规则，核仁数量减少、体积变小，核内常染色质增多而异染色质减少，核质比例减小，细胞质内线粒体数量增多、线粒体嵴发达，高尔基体较为典型，粗糙型内质网增多，呈现出与正常上皮细胞相似的形态变化；MTT比色法测定结果显示不同浓度(2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0uM)SAHA对SMMC-7721细胞的增殖均有抑制作用，并有明显的剂量依赖和时间依赖关系；免疫细胞化学检测显示SAHA能显著降低PCNA和AFP在SMMC-7721细胞中的表达；流式细胞仪检测结果显示，SMMC-7721细胞经SAHA处理后，G0/G1期细胞明显增加，S期细胞则明显减少，细胞被阻滞于G0/G1期；RT-PCR检测结果表明，SAHA作用12h后SMMC-7721细胞中p21WAF1 mRNA的表达即有增加，24h后更为明显。

The optimum cultivation time of several funguses fermented on the substrate of straw, lees, pachyrhizus and under the condition of pH7 and 28C was determined by mensurating the content of saccharide, the cellulose activity and the FP activity with the change of the time.

中文摘要：通过微生物共发酵的方法对发酵后产物滤液中还原糖含量、纤维素酶活力、滤纸酶活力随时间变化的测定，确定了BH菌种和实验室保藏的五种真菌在pH7、温度为28℃的条件下，在稻草、酒糟、地瓜干培养基上进行发酵的最佳培养时间。

The overview discussed the 8 factors affected the survival rates, and the plantable tidal flats and the threshold of waterlogging time of mangroves seedlings. The different inundation classes of mangrove and the critical tidal level fits for mangroves forestation were summarized.

本文从影响红树林造林成活率的8种自然因子和人为因子出发，着重探讨了滩面高程和临界淹水时间，并对国内外对红树植物潮汐淹水的等级的确定，以及国内各地造林过程中的宜林临界线的测定进行了综述。

The Effects of Substrate s Volume and Density on Pleurotus Ostreatus Growth;2. Relation between degree of gelatinization and density of steam-flaked corn was found.

利用自行设计委托加工的蒸汽压片设备，选择不同温度与时间的工艺参数进行玉米糊化度与容重的测定试验，以确定蒸汽压片玉米的最适工艺参数。

Aquatic plants were soaked in two purifying-tanks to investigate the effects of illumination intensity and aeration on diurnal variations of Chla,SP,POD of Pontederia cordata and pH,DO,COD,NH+4-N,TP of water from purifying-tanks when treating the malodorous river water at seven different times,another blank purifying-tank was set as a control. Comparative studies and correlation analysis of these different indicators were carried out to improve the plants working efficiency and provide scientific basis for optimal operation of plant purifying-tanks.

测定了曝气和非曝气的2个植物净化槽在1 d中7个不同时间点的出水水质理化指标(pH、DO、COD、NH+4-N、TP)及植物叶片的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量及过氧化物酶活性，另设空白槽为对照；试验目的是研究各指标的日变化情况及相互关系，为提高梭鱼草净化黑臭河水的处理效率及其植物净化槽的合理优化运行提供科学依据。

The results indicate that the method is simple and rapid for the determination of strong polar trigonelline in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Furthermore, it significantly reduces the equilibration time compared with ion-pair liquid chromatography recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of China. This new method can be used as a valid method for the quality control of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

结果表明所建方法分离效果好、快速简易，可以弥补中国药典中离子对色谱法平衡时间过长的缺陷，适用于胡芦巴药材中强极性胡芦巴碱的测定，为胡芦巴的质量控制提供了有效的方法。

Owing to the variability of HVR1, the method to check anti-HVR1 antibodies need to cloning and expressing the gene of HVR1 of every sera and that poses some problem. For example, it needs lots of time and money, and the sample must come from viremic patients. It is urgent to acquire a broadly cross-reactivity HVR1 antigen to check the antiHVR1 Ab in the sera of HCV infected patients by ELISA.

由于HVR1的高变性，因此要想测定血清中抗HVR1水平，通常要克隆表达待测血清中的HVR1基因，但该方法时间长、费用高，并仅对HCV、RNA阳性血清适用，所以急需一种具有极高交叉反应性的HVR1抗原，才可通过ELISA对病人的HVR1抗体进行检测。

Therefore, the author excogitates some synthesis courses of new compounds including selenium and aspirin based on medicament chemistry and coalition principle. The new compound is named 5-5'-diselenium monoacetyl salicylic acid and ascertained by IR ,UV and MALDI-TOF-MS, and its structure is: OOHThe compound is inhibiting to sarcoma and ascites tumour of white mice by pharmacology experiments, so it is worth researching deeply.

为此，本文运用化学拼合原理，提出了几种既含硒又含乙酰水杨酸的化合物新结构的合成路线，经过多次理论分析和探索试验，得到一种预测的新的化合物，命名为5-5′-二硒单乙酰水杨酸，经红外、紫外、飞行时间质谱测定，证明该化合物的结构为：经药理预试验表明，该化合物对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤和艾氏腹水型肿瘤均有抑制作用，具有深入研究的意义。

In Chapter Two, some methods such as electron microscope, DNA ending label and MTT measurement were used to studied the changes of apoptosis, necroses and cell vigour of leukaemia K562 cell trunk and HL-60 cell trunk irradiated with millimeter wave. Different effects of millimeter wave to leukaemia cell trunks and human marrow cells were observed clearly. Human marrow cells were not so sensitive to millimeter wave radiation as leukaemia cells.

第二章，利用电镜技术、DNA末端标记、MTT活力测定等方法，研究了毫米波对红白血病K562细胞株、人类急性早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60及正常人骨髓单核细胞的细胞超微结构、细胞凋亡、细胞活力的影响，结果发现毫米波辐射对正常人骨髓细胞及白血病细胞的影响明显不同，正常人骨髓细胞所受影响较小，特别是功率密度小的毫米波对其无影响；而白血病细胞受辐射后发生显著的凋亡或坏死，细胞活力显著下降，该效应具有明显的功率窗和时间窗。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。