橡木

Such techniques as barrel fermentation, proportion of new to old cooperage, lees stirring, and partial, complete, or prevention of malolactic fermentation generate controversy and lively discussion among winemakers.

诸如橡木桶发酵，在新旧橡木桶中的贮藏时间的比例，酒渣的搅拌，以及部分或完全亦或不进行品果酸乳酸发酵等这些葡萄酒酿造技术在葡萄酒酿造者中还是有较大的争论。

Traversing the long and matted gallery, I descended the slippery steps of oak; then I gained the hall; I halted there a minute; I looked at some pictures on the walls (one I remember represented a grim man in a cuirass, and one a lady with powdered hair and a pearl necklace), at a bronze lamp pendent from the ceiling, at a great clock whose case was of oak curiously carved, and ebon black with time and rubbing.

我穿过了铺席的长走廊，下了那光滑的橡木楼梯；于是我到了过厅，在那里站了一会，我看着墙上的画（我记得有一张画着穿护身甲的严肃男子，一张画着戴宝石项链，敷发粉的贵妇），看着从天花板悬下的黄铜灯，看着一座大钟，钟架是雕得石怪的橡木，和因为时间与磨擦而发了黑的乌木做成的。

Traversing the long and matted gallery, I descended the slippery steps of oak; then I gained the hall: I halted there a minute; I looked at some pictures on the walls (one, I remember, represented a grim man in a cuirass, and one a lady with powdered hair and a pearl necklace), at a bronze lamp pendent from the ceiling, at a great clock whose case was of oak curiously carved, and ebon black with time and rubbing.

我穿过铺着地毯的长走廊，走下光滑的橡木楼梯，来到门前。我站了一小会儿，看看墙上的画（我记着一幅画画了个身穿胸甲的严肃男子，一幅画画的是擦着发粉带着珍珠项链的妇人），看看从天花板垂下的黄铜灯，看看那个黑木大钟，钟架上有古怪的橡木雕刻，因为长时间的摩擦，已经变黑了。

In The Gamble House, furniture, built-in cabinetry, paneling, wood carvings, rugs, lighting, leaded stained glass, accessories and landscaping are all custom-designed by the architects, in the true hand-crafted spirit of the Arts and Crafts Movement. No detail was overlooked - every peg, oak wedge, downspout, air vent, hardware and switchplate is a contributing part of the single design statement and harmonious living environment. The house is a symphony in wood, with interiors carried out in teak, maple, Port Orford cedar, redwood and oak; each piece artfully selected and hand-rubbed to a satin finish. Iridescent glass adorns doors, windows and light fixtures which change color as the day passes and diffuse subtle patterns of light throughout.

在甘博之家里，家俱，嵌入的细工家俱，嵌版，木头雕刻，毛皮地毯，照明，行间空格特别大的有色的玻璃，附加物件和景观美化都是建筑师设计的惯例，在真正的手工艺Arts and Crafts Movement的精神里，没有一个细部是细看的－每一个栓，橡木楔子，水落管，排气孔，五金器具和电闸开关等是贡献单一的设计说明的部分和和谐的生活环境，这房子是杉木的交响乐，偕同内部的完成以柚木，枫树，Port Orford西洋杉，红杉和橡木﹔每一块熟练地挑选与手工艺到一个缎的完成，彩虹色的玻璃装饰门，窗户和采光设备因时间的经过会改变颜色与扩散遍布光线呈现微妙花样。

In the heartwood of the old trunks, there is ample oak tannin and aromatic materials of oak, which ensures the quality of the oak products.

这种老树干的心材中，含有丰富的橡木单宁和橡木的芳香物质，是保证橡木制品质量的关键所在。

Matured in the finest Oloroso sherry and bourbon casks and then married in small batches for remarkable depth and compelexity Judged to be the best 18 year Old Scotch Whisky in the world

此款酒综合了西班牙 Oloroso 雪利橡木桶的甜味与传统美国橡木桶散发的橡木风味，格兰菲迪18年属小批量生产，但此款酒极富深度和复杂度，被认定为是世界最好的18年的苏格兰威士忌

Oak/Oaky: The smell and taste of oak in a wine derived from contacting with barrels.

橡木/橡木的：在葡萄酒陈年的过程中，由于酒与橡木桶接触而产生的带有橡木的香味和口感。

The research suggested that American white oak is the best choice for the production of grape wine with strong oak aroma and European oak is the best choice for the production of grape wine with harmonious oak aroma, fruit aroma and wine aroma; air drying process of barrel plates would influence the content of total phenol, tannin and volatile substances including vanillin and MOL; and baking intensity will change original content of chemical compositions in oak and make oak barrel possess different aroma characteristics and phenol substance content.

研究表明，酿制橡木香较浓郁的葡萄酒选用美国白栎较好，酿造像木香、果香、酒香协调的葡萄酒则选择欧洲橡木较适宜；板材风干过程对橡木板材中的总酚、单宁含量及挥发性香气物质香兰素和橡木内酯的含量均有影响；烘烤强度可改变橡木木材原有的化学组分含量，使橡木桶具有不同的呈香特性和酚类物质含量。

The research suggested that American white oak is the best choice for the production of grape wine with strong oak aroma and European oak is the best choice for the production of grape wine with harmonious oak aroma, fruit aroma and wine aroma; air drying process of barrel plates would influence the content of total phenol, tannin and volatile substances including vanillin and MOL; and baking intensity will change original content of chemical compositions in oak and make oak barrel possess different aroma characteristics and phenol substance content.

研究表明，酿制橡木香较浓郁的葡萄酒选用美国白栎较好，酿造橡木香、果香、酒香协调的葡萄酒则选择欧洲橡木较适宜；板材风干过程对橡木板材中的总酚、单宁含量及挥发性香气物质香兰素和橡木内酯的含量均有影响；烘烤强度可改变橡木木材原有的化学组分含量，使橡木桶具有不同的呈香特性和酚类物质含量。

Manual punching down of cap 3 times a day. Complete malo-lactic fermentation. Maturation takes place in oak for 18 months using both 225 litre French barriques and 50 hectolitre casks. A further 6 months ageing in bottle before release.

人工每天把葡萄从头到脚穿孔三次，用天然酵母完全发酵之后，放在橡木桶里面熟成18个月，用的是225升的法国橡木桶（法国阿利埃河和纳韦尔的橡木）和5000升的桶，在出厂之前还要在瓶中熟成6个月。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。