杂种

Results of interpopulation crossing test of mating, fertilization rate, embryo growth and hatchability under the condition of cage feeding indicated that:(1) due to difference in body size, morphology, habits and characteristics and reproducing season, crossing fertility between wild Japanese quail in China and domestic quail population was lower than that of intrapopulation mating, but fertilized egg through reciprocal crossing could be incubated and produced F1 without prezygotic isolation;(2) crossing of wild male quail ?female small-type domestic quail produced the best effect among all combinations of reciprocal crossings.

通过关于笼饲环境下交配行为、受精率、胚胎发育、种蛋孵化率的种群间杂交试验证明：由于体量、形态、习性、繁殖季节性的差异，我国境内的野生日本鸣鹑与家鹑群体之间的杂交能育性低于同种群交配水平，但可以实现正、反杂交，产生受精卵、孵出杂种一代，不存在合子前生殖隔离；在正反杂交组合中，以野雄鹑X小型雌家鹑的效果最好。

Move,you slant-eyed bastard.

滚开 你这斜眼杂种

It is feasible to forecast the heterosis of Small Tail Han Sheep crossed with imported meat sheep by genetic polymorphism of microsatellite DNA and it will have an important value for sheep breeding in future.

利用微卫星DNA 多态性预测引进肉用绵羊品种与小尾寒羊的杂种优势是可行的，将对今后绵羊育种具有重要的应用价值。

Variation and broad-sense heritability (H2) of the three characters: CV and H2 of self-pollinated fruiting rate were both greatest

均单果重等性状在F1中广泛分离，杂种群体的平均值低于亲中值，表现明显的衰退现象，表明这3 个性状均为数

The results were as follows: Firstly, the S-locus of Katy was heterozygous, and self-compatibility was dominant to self-incompatibility. Secondly, a very extensive segregation in self-pollinated fruiting rate, fertile flower rate and average fruit weight was observed in the F1 populations, and averages of these traits were lower than that of mid-parent means. Therefore, these traits were confirmed to be quantitative.

结果表明，（1）凯特杏的S基因位点为杂合型，自交亲和对自交不亲和为显性遗传；（2）3个杂交组合的自交坐果率、有效花比率及平均单果重等性状在F1中广泛分离，杂种群体的平均值低于亲中值，表现明显的衰退现象，表明这3个性状均为数量性状。

But significant differences were found in coefficient of variation and broad-sense heritability (H2) of the three characters: CV and H2 of self-pollinated fruiting rate were both greatest, with the variation mainly resulted from inheritance, and high inheritance potential; H2 of fertile flower rate was the least and its variation was less from inheritance; CV of average fruit weight was the least and its inheritance potential is small. Thirdly, the ratios of sweet to bitter kernel of F1 progenies in positive and reverse crosses between Katy and Taianshuixing were 18∶16 and 13∶12, and were both in agreement with a 1∶1 segregation by χ2 test, which demonstrated that the bitter kernel character of Katy was heterozygous.

但3个性状的变异系数和广义遗传力(H2)均差异很大，其中自交坐果率的变异系数(101.5%～139.1%)和广义遗传力(87.1%～91.4%)均较大，表明变异主要来自遗传效应，并且自交坐果率的遗传潜能大；有效花比率的广义遗传力最小(36.8%～49.1%)，表明其遗传效应较小；平均单果重的变异系数最小(24.0%～29.7%)，说明平均单果重的遗传潜能小；（3）凯特与泰安水杏正反交的杂种一代甜仁与苦仁的比例分别为18∶16和13∶12，经χ2检验符合1∶1的分离比例，证明控制凯特杏甜仁与苦仁这对性状的基因位点是杂合的。

In maize, the results indicated that the patterns of gene expression altered obviously in cross-fertilized kernels as compared to self-fertilized kernels, major difference of gene expression occurred in the qualitative level. Further analysis indicated that higher percentage of total differentially expressed cDNA was observed in highly heterotic hybrid than in non-heterotic hybrid.

对四个不同优势的玉米杂交和自交在种子发育前期基因表达研究表明，玉米杂交种子与自交种子在发育前期存在明显的基因表达差异，强优势的杂交组合与弱优势杂交组合之间表现差异的总cDNA比例存在极显著差异，进一步分析发现，杂交特异表达与杂种优势存在一定的正向关系。

By using gene-family-specific primers, we found MADS-box, Ser/Thr protein kinase showed significantly differential expression patterns between reciprocal cross-fertilized kernels and their parents, indicating that MADS-box and ser/thr protein kinase may also play important roles in wheat heterosis.

利用家族特异性引物的展示结果表明，MADS-box家族基因在小麦杂交当代种子与亲本之间存在明显的基因表达差异，且强优势的杂交组合与弱优势组合之间表现差异的cDNA比例差异显著；Ser/Thr蛋白激酶的差异相对较小，表明MADS-box和Ser/Thr蛋白激酶与小麦杂种优势形成有重要关系。

He smashed the traditional concept about self-pollinating characteristic of crops, such as rice, that is they have no hybrid advantage.

他打破了水稻等&自花授粉作物没有杂种优势&的传统观念，在三系杂交稻、两系杂交稻的选育与推广及超级稻的研究等方面做出了开创性的卓越贡献。

Of inferior or mixed breed.

指劣等品种或杂种的。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。