有效功率

This paper presents a study on the pricinple of the effective fuel consumptionunloaded dynamometry,the relationship between effective fuel consumption andpower of desel doesn t change with its technical condition,Pricision and suitability of EFCUD were verifyed on hydraulic dynamometer and movable hydraulic torquemeter.

研究了有效油耗无负荷测功技术的基本原理──柴油发动机的功率和有效油耗之间存在着不以其技术状态而变化的规律性；通过模拟故障的方法检验了该法的适应性，并通过工厂台架试验和田间测试2种方法检验了该法的精度。

Simulation results show that the chaotic system can be controlled effectively in Buck power converter by this method. The method is still effective when there are parameter perturbation and noise.

数值仿真结果表明：该方法能有效地实现Buck功率变换器混沌系统的控制，系统在参数发生摄动和存在噪声的情况下，控制仍然有效。

Some key part is ameliorated to meet the demands of working. This thesis mainly includes:(1) Analysing the working principle of the spring operateing mechanism, expatiating the character of the mechanism;(2) With the design aim of the spring operating mechanism, accomplishing the design of ZW□-12/630-20 outdoor HV vacuum breaker based on the systemic design theory of the spring operating mechanism, which includes spring mechanism of open-close switch; cam mechanism based on the principle of power balance; buckle-off mechanism with force-minished device; ratchet wheel mechanism with number-increased detent;(3) In the design on the spring operating mechanism for the outdoor vacuum breaker, using the air cushion device with speed controller to ensure the steady working of the spring operating mechanism;(4) Accoding the problem of daily maintenance for HV circuitbreaker, giving some effective steps of daily maintenance.

论文工作主要包括以下几个方面：(1)从真空断路器弹簧操动机构的功能原理出发，详细分析了该机构的工作原理，阐述了机构工作的基本特性；(2)根据工程实际提出了真空断路器弹簧操动机构的设计目标，在系统分析弹簧操动机构设计理论的基础上，完成了ZW□-12/630-20型户外真空断路器弹簧操动机构的设计工作，其中包括真空断路器弹簧操动机构的分合闸弹簧机构的设计；以输出力特性曲线设计机构理论演化出的功率平衡原则为基础的凸轮机构的设计；带有减力机构的滚动摩擦扣结方式的脱扣机构设计；根据实际情况增加了棘爪数量的棘轮机构设计；(3)在真空断路器弹簧操动机构的设计中，引入了速度控制模式空气缓冲器，对惯性负载起到了良好的自动缓冲效果，从而保证了真空断路器弹簧操动机构稳定、有效地运行，保证了真空断路器的动作质量；(4)针对目前真空断路器运行过程中存在的问题，提出了有效的日常维护措施。

After carefully analyzed the principle of standard SVPWM and traditional overmodulation methods, this paper proposed one simple and effective overmodulation scheme. Experiments were carried out in one 1.5kW induction motor and its results were recorded and analyzed by PZ4000 Power Analyzer and the proposed scheme were proved to be effective.

在分析了标准SVPWM算法和常见各种过调算法的原理的基础上，提出了一种简单有效的算法满足过调控制的要求，在1.5kW异步电机上进行了实验并使用PZ4000功率分析仪对其结果进行了准确测量与分析，证明了本文提出的SVPWM算法可以有效地提高电源电压的利用率。

Using feedback weight adjusts timely the step during iterating procedure, fastens convergence rate of frequency adaptive filtering. Similarly this method can also achieve the purpose of suppressing interference and improving the performance of DSSS system.

其优点是利用权值反馈不仅在权值迭代过程中实时调整更新步长，实现算法的快速收敛，同时达到有效地抑制多个强干扰的目的，使输出信号的平均功率更接近于扩频信号功率，改善了DSSS系统的性能。

A codebook is used for feedbacking power distribution vector, which can effectively reduce the feedback amount of information; the use of two codebooks are used at the same time, which can respectively feedback the power distribution vector and pre-code matrix and can improve the transmission performance of the system under the condition of limited feedback.

使用码本反馈功率分配矢量，可以有效地减少信息的反馈量。同时使用两个码本，分别反馈功率分配矢量和预编码矩阵，可以在有限反馈的条件下提高系统的传输性能。

The results show that the increase of the number of subcarrier leads to the increase of the PAPR, and the method based on SLM technique can decrease the PAPR in WPT-MCM system effectively.

结果表明，子载波路数的增多使小波包多载波调制的峰均功率比增大，基于SLM技术降低小波包多载波调制峰均功率比是非常有效的。

The following functions can be realized: Measuerment:the effective values of three phase current and voltage, power frequency, active power, reactive power, power factor etc. Motor control: direct starting, converse starting, star and triangle starting, self-starting. Protection:thermal overload protection, current leakage protection, open-phase protection, three-phase unbalance protection, over voltage protection, loss voltage protection, low load protection and fault warning and fault dates memory. Communication: communication of the computer in control room and the microcomputer monitor in the spots is realized by the interface of RS-485. The motor is not only controlled in the spots but also in control room. The dates, information and some functions are shared by the spots and control room too.

该电动机监控器以80C196KC单片机为核心，通过采样三相电流﹑电压信号来实现以下功能：三相电流﹑电压有效值，电网频率，有功功率，无功功率及功率因数等的测量；对电动机实现直接、正反转、星三角及自起动控制；对电动机实现热过载、漏电、断相、三相不平衡、过压、欠压及轻载保护，对故障进行报警及数据记忆；通过RS-485串行接口与中央控制室计算机实现通信功能，对电动机既可本地，也可远程控制；实现控制现场与控制室之间数据、信息、功能共享。

Signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the ratio of the desired signal power to the sum of all of .

信噪比是有效信号功率和其他所有信号功率的比率。

In order to obtain 266nm UV laser, we use a type-I phase match BBO crystal(θ=47.6°) pumped by the green laser above and a focus lens. the spectrum of 266nm UV laser is measured by a UV spectrometer. But we can not obtain the output power for absence of available spectroscopes.

在高功率、高重复频率绿光激光器的基础上，采用I 类相位匹配(θ=47.6°)的BBO 倍频晶体，实验中测得了266nm 激光光谱，但由于缺乏有效的分光措施无法测得输出功率。

I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an English speaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies.

在大学的三年的学习生活不仅给予我自身的充实，更重要的是磨练和培养了我较强的自觉能力和严谨，踏实的作风以及不怕困难的精神，对未来充满了信心！

As the first volcanoes erupted, one of the gases that bellowed out was steam.

在第一批火山喷发时，喷出的气体之一就是水蒸汽。