有效力

There was a substantial crossover from initial nonoperative treatment to surgery after 3 months (25% of nonoperative patients), and these patients were included in the nonoperative group for analysis. A 10-year as-treated analysis was performed that showed no signicant differences between the two as-treated groups, with the exception of greater improvement on the Roland score for the surgical group. This suggests that the benet of surgery was not underestimated by including patients who underwent surgery beyond 3 months in the nonoperative group.

最初选择非手术治疗的患者有较大一部分（25%非手术治疗的患者）3个月后变换治疗方式，进行手术治疗，这些患者仍被归入非手术组进行分析。10年时进行的接受治疗分析显示，除了手术组Roland等级有较大的改善外，两个接受治疗组的差异没有统计学意义，这表明非手术组的患者3个月后进行手术治疗没有低估手术的效力。

The phenomenon of the advertisement to offer a reward appears more and more on nowadays society to put a price on someone's head, but how is its legal nature , inefficacious, have not made the clear regulation , quite a dispute too in the academia in law of our country, even the court often makes different judgements while dealing with the similar case .

悬赏广告的现象在当今社会出现越来越多，但其法律性质如何，到底有无效力，我国法律没有做出明确的规定，在学术界也颇有争议，以至法院在处理同类案件时，往往做出不同的判决。

Although the party to arbitration agreement has right to put forward disapproval to the effect of the arbitration agreement,but it is the salutatory institution that determines the effectiveness of the arbitration agreement.

当事人有权对仲裁协议的效力提出异议，但是否有效应由法定的机构认定。合同当事人变更后。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

The reason was as follows: according to effect scale, standards consist of several groups of national standards, industry standards and enterprise standards while according to the existence of obligation of standards, standards can also be divided into compulsory standards and recommended standards.

在我国，标准按照标准效力等级可分为国家标准，行业标准，地方标准和企业标准；按照标准强制效力的有无可以划分为强制性标准和推荐性标准。

But if the engagement only has moral obligation, the moral observer will only be fetters, and those who violate the engagement will be connived.

但是，如果婚约仅有道德约束性而不具有任何法律效力，那么，婚约就很有可能只是约束了有道德的守约人，对道德低下的人任意毁约反而是一种纵容。

For the mode of legislation, it is suggested that a principle regulations to be made while the detailed applied situation and conditions are specified further in judicial explanation; regarding the applied situation, give four kinds of examples as shortage of capital, mixing of company, property of shareholders, business and personality, avoid the liability of contract and legal liability using of company personality; when making judgment, such three parts as main body, action and results have to be considered. The voluntary creditor and forced creditor consists of prosecutor, those person who abuses the force of company is the defendant who has the act of abusing company personally resulting in bad effect; the responsibility of producing of evident may refer to those of courts of Germany, which is proved by prosecutor, after that, the defendant provides the evident that he has a proper action for the suit of company or his action is not the direct cause for the loss of company; the legal effect of disregarding of corporate personality is to deprive the rights of limited liability of shareholders and shall undertake the affiliated liability according to different situations of company debts, however, it is clear that the legal effect is only limited to the special legal relationship in the specific case; the exercising body is made by court while the corporate personality might not be disaffirmed directly in exerting process; finally, it points out the real essence and also its real sense and difficulties in practice.

对立法模式，建议成文法中只做原则性规定，而具体的适用情形、适用条件等规定可以在司法解释中进一步作出明确规定；对适用情形，根据我国实际列举了资本显著不足、公司与股东财产、业务、人格的混同、利用公司人格规避契约义务和逃避法律义务四种大类；审判时应考虑的要件包括主体、行为、结果三大要件，自愿债权人和非自愿债权人构成原告，对公司有控制力的滥用者为被告，要有滥用公司人格的行为，并有损害的结果产生；举证责任可参照德国法院的做法，由原告提供初步证据证明公司存在滥用公司人格的行为，而后，由被告提供证据证明自己与涉诉公司的关系是正当的，或自己的行为与原告的损失没有因果关系；否认公司人格的法律效果是剥夺股东在个案中的有限责任的权利，视不同情形对公司债务承担连带责任，但应明确法律效力仅限于个案中的特别法律关系；行使主体应由法院的审判庭行使，而不宜在执行程序中直接否认公司法人人格；最后对逆向揭开公司面纱作了探讨，指出其现实意义和实践难点。

"A contract defective in some respect may be wholly void, in which case it has no legal effect at all, or be voidable, in which case it is valid and effective but contains a defect entitling one party to challenge it and have it set aside."

在某些方面有瑕疵的合同可以是完全无效的，在此情况下，合同自始就不具有法律效力；也有可能是可撤销的合同，这时合同是合法有效的。但它包含了一种使当事人有权就合同提出异议或撤销合同的瑕疵。

First, it enumerates mainstream administrative act's effectiveness, then makes analysis on them, and reconstitutes the contents of administrative act's effectiveness in an excluding way.

本文依托既有成果，着重针对学界的这一现状，提出一种全新的分析思路，即：先将目前主流的行政行为各效力归纳罗列，再逐一分析其合理性与缺陷，最后用排除的方法完成对行政行为效力理论内容的重构。

And this is also a disadvantage for the absorbing and adopting of advanced international regulations and an obstacle for the development of the arbitration career. Therefore, it is necessary toadapt correspondingly our prescripts of arbitration agreement referring to the advanced international regulations. Hereby we can expedite the development of external trade and support the domestic enterprises to head for international market.

因此，有必要借鉴国际上和先进国家对仲裁协议法律效力的规定，从推进我国仲裁事业的发展角度着眼，对我国关于仲裁协议法律效力的规定作出相应的修改，以促进我国对外贸易的发展，支持我国企业进一步走向国际市场。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。