替代

In this paper we derive the. curve equation of tooth profile on the basis of its meshing principle and discuss the necessity and possibility of replacing the equidistant curve which in the circular section of lang arc external pendulum curve by circular arc.

本文从其啮合原理出发，导出齿廊曲线方程，论述了以圆弧替代长幅外摆线环形部分等距曲线的必要性和可能性，提出圆弧齿形替代要求，运用最优化方法，给出最优设计方案。

Comparing with the group of anti-coccidiosis agent, 8 fens per market hen and higher relative economic benefit by 2.33% will be made for the coccidium vaccine group. The experiment shows that it would not reduce the breeding effect after using the coccidian vaccine. It also may avoid the remedy residue and make important significance for producing green food.

试验表明用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药不会降低肉用母鸡的养殖效果，并且采用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药的使用，避免了药物残留，对于生产"绿色食品"具有重要意义。

At last, this article also discusses the substitutable actors of the leaders of small village group. Every group should arrange a communicant to insure that the village leaders knowing the information and dealing with them instantly. Then the village grass roots can be consolidated.

最后，本文还探讨了小组长的替代角色，即在每个组设立一个信息员，以替代小组长最基本的上传下达的职能，让村干部能及时了解小组情况并加以处理，以巩固乡村基层政府的稳定。

In this paper,using annuity theory and combining with State Department′s 'the decision of establishing consolidated corporation employee pension system ',the actuarial model of pension substitute rate with different contributing years to employees is derived

利用年金理论并结合1997年国务院《关于建立统一的企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》文件，得到我国职工在不同缴费年限下基本养老保险替代率精算模型，并利用该模型对基本养老保险替代率进行模拟分析。

The results show that for all conditions of retailer cost information sharing,the profits of retailers are directly proportional to the cost variance of the retailers and inversely proportional to the substitution coefficient and correlation coeff...

结果表明：在各种信息共享组合下，各零售商的收益与零售商成本方差成正比例关系，与零售商所售产品的替代系数成反比例关系，与零售商间成本的相关系数成反比例关系；供应商的收益与零售商所售产品的替代系数成反比例关系。

This study was a qualitative research, which conducted in-depth interviews with the undertakers, supervisors, team leaders of the substitute service in draftee requisition agencies (National Police Agency, Ministry of the Interior), training agencies (First and Fourth Corps of Special Police) and duty service units (municipal and county police bureaus), as well as focus group interview with draftees in duty service units/ Based on literature review, theoretic discussion, and empirical research, the data were compared and cross validated, so as to identify the root causes and responding method.

本文是以质化研究为主，对役男之需用机关、代训机关与服勤单位之替代役承办人、主管、带队官等作深度访谈，并对服勤单位之役男团体作焦点团体访谈，透过相关文献分析、理论基础探讨与实证研究之综合分析、比较、相互印证，找出问题症结与因应之道，除归纳出本研究发现与结论外，并对主管机关、需用机关与服勤单位提出具体建议，期能提高役男人力运用成效，使警察替代役交通助理制度能继续实施且更臻完善。

Authority: 1 the draftee requisition quota review system should be transparent and fair, and allow requisition agency to be involved in personnel planning and quota augmentation; 2 for traffic assistant draftee qualification, history criminal record, tattoo ban and basic body examination threshold shall be established, the policy of selecting the right person by the requisition agency should be respected, examination and civil service bureaus support should be solicited to offer bonus points to police draftees in the police recruiting exams; 3 "assistant service" should be defined in related regulations, and restriction should be properly lifted; requisition agency should be authorized to list service items for draftee to serve individually; 4 provide diversified and rich information on substitute service volunteer screening, hold draftee screening fairs, produce screening posters or adopt the volunteer card and computer-based selection system, raise the draftees' salary to respond to the increasing living cost.

一、对主管机关建议：1。役男需求员额之审核机制应透明、公正，并开放需用机关参与人力规划与争取增额途径。2。交通助理役男之甄选资格，应设立前科纪录、纹身之限制条件与基本体检门槛，并尊重需用机关宁缺勿滥之用人政策，争取考铨机关支持警察役男报考警察特考加分优惠措施。3。「辅助性勤务」定义应明确规范於法条中，并适度修正放寛限制，授权需用机关以列举方式，明确订定役男得单独服勤之勤务项目。4。提供丰富多元的替代役甄选志愿资讯，举办役男甄选博览会、印制甄选海报文宣或改采缴交志愿卡电脑分发，调高替代役之薪饷，以符民生物资高涨。

In another word, if we want to make an area have notable effect of agglomeration, the key does not lie in the size of advantage of agglomeration, but lie in the factors of elasticity of substitution of industry agglomeration.

或者说，要使一个地区有明显的集聚效果，关键不在于该地区集聚优势到底有多大，在于它替代其他地区的能力，进一步说，是在于集聚的替代弹性的影响因素。

This paper employs Amano and Wirjanto's(1997,1998)model of permanent income to estimate intra- temporal and inter-temporal elasticity of substitution of government and private consumption,and then studies the relation between government and private consumption during 1960～2003 in China.

要本文以 Amano 和 Wirjanto 永久性收入模型为基础，研究1960～2003年期间中国政府消费与居民消费之间的期内替代弹性以及两者各自的跨期替代弹性，并结合新的理论发展，检验政府和居民消费之间的互补关系。

If the ratio of the amount of capital input to labor input used increases more than 1%, the elasticity of substitution is elastic, which implies that it is relatively easy to substitute capital for labor.

如资本投入量相对于劳动投入量增加了1%以上，那么这种替代弹性是有弹性的，这就意味着以资本来替代劳动相对比较容易。

I'm strongly against the death penalty — it's an eye for an eye.

我不赞成死刑——这是以牙还牙的报复行为。

And to get you the support you need, we're enlisting all elements of our national power: our diplomacy and development, our economic might and our moral suasion, so that you and the rest of our military do not bear the burden of our security alone.

并给你们所须的支援，我们正徵召国家所有各种的力量：我们的外交及发展，我们的经济力量与道德劝说，所以你们与其他军人不须要孤独地负起国家安全的责任。