方法

Considering of different meteorologic data in different regions, five methods (namely Penman-Monteith method, Radiation method, Blaney-Criddle method, Pan method and Hargraves method ) of calculating reference Evapotranspiration proposed by FAO are used, and FAO Penman-Monteith method is taked as the criterion to revise other four methods, thus educing the revised formulae in studied region.

考虑到不同地区可用气象数据的不同，本研究中选择了联合国粮食与农业组织推荐的五种(FAO彭曼—蒙特斯方法、辐射方法、布兰尼—克里德尔方法、蒸发皿方法和Hargraves方法)计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的方法进行比较研究，并以公认的FAO彭曼—蒙特斯方法为标准，对其它四种方法进行修正，得出适合本论文研究区域的相应修正公式。

The goal is to simplify the neural-computing of biovision process modeled inthe Boundary Contour System of FACADE theory, and to extract subjective contour in.a new way. The procedure consists of DOG filtering, cooperative filtering,post-processing of cooperative cues and regrouping of endpoints, corresponding to theoriented edge filtering by simple cells, cooperative filtering by bipole cells and end-stopeffect formulated by hypercomplex cells in biovision system respectively. The last oneis an algorithm based on connection relation graph, which judges whether two keypoints should be connected according to their positions and orientations and thenconnect the key points that Should be connected to complete the subjective contour.

本文主要完成了以下工作：一是针对张量投票方法处理主观轮廓时出现的问题进行了改进，并依据矩阵的特征值摄动理论分析了该方法误差产生的原因以及迭代对其影响；二是用图像处理方法代替FACADE理论中复杂的细胞动力学方程，提出了一种基于视觉竞争合作机制的轮廓组织及缺口修复算法，该方法通过DOG滤波器组、合作滤波器组和张量投票等方法分别模拟视觉系统中的简单细胞有向滤波、双极细胞合作滤波和终端截断后端点重组等主观轮廓形成过程；三是提出了一种基于可连接关系图的算法解决轮廓组织及缺口修复问题，该方法在轮廓特征提取的基础上，根据关键点的位置和取向信息判断其可连接关系，进而连接具有可连接关系但没有实际连接的关键点，最终完成轮廓缺口的修复。

For the present,there are three kinds of uncertain analysis methods:stochastic analysis method, fuzzy analysis method and interval analysis method.

针对桥梁结构分析中的各种不确定性问题，对其进行了归类分析，给出了目前不确定性分析中的三种方法——随机分析方法、模糊分析方法和区间分析方法；对三种不确定性分析方法在桥梁结构分析中的应用领域进行了综述，并对三种方法的适用情况进行了分析说明。

This dissertation firstly introduces the principles of four kinds of simple gridding methods, which are"Linear interpolation based on triangulation","Inverse distance weighted and averaged method","Modified Shepard's method"and"Multiquardirc method". Secondly, it researches the Ordinary Kriging method for geophysical irregular data, which mainly includes the base knowledge of region change and variogram and the principle of Ordinary Kriging method. Thirdly, it researches the Inverse Interpolation for geophysical irregular data, which mainly includes the principle of inverse interpolation and its iterative algorithm, and the principle of Inverse Interpolation to realize the gridding of geophysical data. Finally, it uses these gridding methods to grid theoretical model data of potential field and raw aeromagnetic data, and compares and analyzes the gridding results.

本文首先简单介绍了地球物理不规则分布数据的四种简单网格化方法(即基于三角网的线性插值法、反距离加权平均法、改进的Shepard方法和多元二次函数法)的方法原理；接着，重点研究了地球物理不规则分布数据网格化的普通克里金法，主要研究了区域变化量、变差函数的基础知识和普通克里金法的方法原理；之后，重点研究了地球物理不规则分布数据网格化的反插值法，主要研究了反插值法的方法原理和迭代求解算法，以及反插值法实现地球物理数据网格化的原理；最后，应用这些方法对理论位场模型和实际航磁数据进行了试验、对比和分析。

In the present work,the existence and uniqueness results aboutperiodic boundary value problems for different kinds of the nonlin-ear periodically perturbed nonconservative systems are establishedthrough the discretization technique,under suitable assumptions,by using global inverse function theorem and result about the ex-istence and uniqueness of periodic solution for nonhomogeneouslyfirst order linear periodic boundary value problem.

本文的第一章概述了在讨论原问题解的存在唯一性过程中以及构造和分析相关的数值求解方法时将要用到的全局反函数定理、有关矩阵特征值的若干重要引理、线性常微分方程非齐次周期问题解的存在唯一性定理和单参数影射方法及有关结论，并简单回顾了已有的证明非线性微分方程周期边值问题解的存在唯一性的方法，其中包括谱理论、最大最小化形式方法、摄动技术和全局反函数理论方法，最后，介绍了两类数值求解非线性微分方程问题的方法。

Results show that radial basis function and point interpolation methods possess Kronecker Delta function property, but the robustness is poor in some cases; the MLS approximation function does not possess Kronecker Delta function property, but it has good robustness. Differences among the three discretization schemes of meshless method are as follows:the collocation method requires no numerical integration and very little computational time while its robustness is poor; Galerkin method is not a truly meshless method due to the background meshes required for integration; the Petrov-Galerkin method is a truly meshless method and need numerical integration in each sub-domain, so it needs more computational time.

分析结果显示：径向基函数和点插值法均具有d 函数属性，但计算稳定性差；移动最小二乘近似函数不具有d 函数属性，但计算比较稳定；无网格方法中的3种离散方法不同之处在于：配点法不需要积分，计算量小，计算稳定性差；Galerkin方法需要借助背景网格进行积分，它不是真正的无网格方法；Petrov-Galerkin方法，是一种真正的无网格方法，它需要对每个子域进行积分，计算工作量较大。

With the continuous development and thorough of science and technology,and reflected on science and technology by people continued to be deepen,scientific research is played an important role in scientific research,such as experimental methods, induction, mathematical methods,the limitations of traditional scientific methods have been unprecedented criticism, revealed serious limitations and shortcomings.

讨论科学方法的不足和局限性，并不是要表明科学方法在科学研究中没有任何地位与作用，只是表明科学方法不是完美无缺的，它需要其它方法的补充。比较自由、灵活的艺术方法不仅能随着科学技术的不断发展以及人们对科学技术反思的不断深入，科学方法的局限性也日益暴露出来。

We would like to make our students to know and master the basic way of the chemistry experiments, the use of the normal apparatus of inorganic and analytical chemistry, the character of the normal inorganic compounds and

课程的目标是使学生了解和掌握化学实验的基本方法和常见的无机与分析化学仪器的使用，了解和掌握一般无机化合物的性质以及分离提纯的方法；熟悉常见的无机化合物的制备方法，掌握测定有关重要化学常数的方法和原理；熟悉滴定分析的基本操作，掌握定量测定无机化合物的主要化学滴定的方法和原理，从而培养学生能用化学观点与方法来观察分析和解决实际问题的能力。

Chapter one is "Introduction". On the basis of summarizing the history of the study of the pictophonetic characters, we suppose some theoretical principle, such as the principle of the correspondence between the form and the meaning of the individual graph of Chinese characters, the principle of the total graphs of Chinese characters being a character-formation system, and the principle of the optimum development of the character -formation system in the history, and som analytic methods, such as the methods of structrue-function analysis, form-position analysis and meaning factor analysis, in the study of the pictophonetic characters. Chapter two is titled"General knwledge of the pictophonetic character." We discuss their origins, nature and some standards of distingnishing them, introduce the knowledge about the editions of SHUO WEN JIE ZI, analyse the functions of the modules of pictophonetic characters in detail, discuss concretely the function of phonetic graphs showing origins and pronunciations, the function of meaning graphs showing meanings and analogies, and the function of distinguishment when the two kinds of graphs are conbined. Chapter three is"The system of meaning graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."After we describe the structure of the meaning graph system, the relations between meaning graphs, the distributions of the function of meaning graphs showing meanings, and the frequency of all this kind of graphs, we get a table of all meaning graphs, a table of the frequency. Chapter four is"The system of phonetic graphs of Xiao Zhuan system."We describe the structure of the phonetic graph system, the relations between phonetic graphs, and between their function showing origins and their function showing pronunciations, and their frequency, then we get ageneral table of phonetic graphs and table of their frequency. Chapter five is "conclusion". We think that systematical methodology is useful in describing and analysing the formation system of Chinese characters. The methodology is adaptable in describing the formation system of modern Chinese characters as well as the historical character systems, adaptable in describing horizontally as well as comparing vertically. Only when we finish the systematical vertical compare on the base of systematical horizontal decription, could we know the true history of the system of Chinese characters, recover the rule of the system's development, and supply the theoretical supports for the scientifical arrangement of modern Chinese characters.

第一部分—绪论，在总结形声字研究历史状况的基础上，提出了研究形声系统的理论原则和分析方法，即汉字个体字符形义统一的思想，汉字字符集合构形系统的思想，汉字构形系统历史演变系统优化的思想等三项理论原则和结构功能分析法，形位分析法，义素分析法等三种分析方法，还扼要地介绍了具体的工作程序和论文的主要内容；第二部分—形声字概述，论述了形声字的来源、性质和鉴别标准，介绍了对《说文解字》正篆形声字说解中的传抄讹误，版本异文，说解错误校勘和考证的经过，详细分析了形声字构件的功能，具体讨论了声符的示源功能与示音功能，义符的示意功能与类化功能以及声符与义符组合中的相互区别功能；第三部分—小篆字系的义符系统，从义符系统的构成、义符间的相互关系，义符示意功能的分布及义符的构字频度等不同侧面，对义符系统进行了全面的描写，产生了义符总表、义符间意义关系总表和义符构字频度总表；第四部分—小篆字系形声字的声符系统，从声符系统的构成、声符间的相互关系，声符的示源功能与示音功能的关系以及声符的构字频度等不同侧面，对声符系统进行了全面描写，产生了声符总表和声符构字频度总表；第五部分—结束语，在全面测查小篆字系形声字的基础上，对研究汉字的方法和现代汉字发展方向的问题提出了一些看法，认为系统论的方法是描写和分析汉字构形系统行之有效的方法，系统论方法，不仅适用于历史上文字系统的描写，也适用于现代汉字构形系统的描写，不仅适用了断代描写，也适用于历史比较，只有在对汉字断代系统描写的基础上进行系统的历史比较，才能认清汉字系统历史演变的真相，揭示汉字系统发展的客观规律，为科学地整理现代汉字提供理论上的依据。

This paper discusses the displacement counter-calculated method, the in-out boundary element method, the combination boundary punition element with finite element, the time series analyzing and the Grey system theory on pressure and displacement of soft rock tunnel support.

论述了软岩巷道围岩及支护压力与位移计算和预报的位移反算方法、内外边界元方法、边界罚单元与有限元结合方法以及时间序列分析方法和灰色系统理论方法并结合该5种方法在岩土工程中的应用，探讨了它们的可行性和实用价值，为地下工程软岩巷道的支护和设计提供了重要的参考

The physiology of the skin machine body for the sake of the environment in the maintenance stability, but eject a body metabolism creation of metabolism thing BE'grease', summer perspire many various skin disease light or good, autumn perspire little metabolism thing metabolism don't go out, various skin disease made, this be the skin machine body of various burning disease.

皮肤机体的生理为了维持内环境稳定，而排出身体代谢产生的代谢物是'油泥'，夏天出汗多各种皮肤病就轻或好了，秋天出汗少代谢物代谢不出去，各种皮肤病就犯了，这就是皮肤机体的各种炎症。

If I had anything tender in me, I shot it dead.

如果我有什么招标的话，我枪死亡。