数学规划

This is definitely a disadvantage over the usability and history of development of traditional optimisation modelling approaches, especially in mathematical programming.

这肯定是不利的可用性和历史发展的传统优化模型的方法，特别是在数学规划。

To tackle the problem, a mathematical programming model is developed on the basis of air traffic equilibrium and cost optimizing.

为了描述该问题，建立了基于空中交通均衡分配的成本最优的数学规划模型。

A mathematical programming model was given for the problem.

本文提出了一个图书仓库的布局优化问题，对该问题建立了数学规划模型。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows:①reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept "sustainable development", stated and commented the study status in queue on"sustainable development"around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept "sustainable development";②looked back and commented across-the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings;③expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory;④thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the MATLAB software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the B-J method and Morte-Carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources;⑤synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming, mathematical statistics, random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality;⑥analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows: correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows: the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water-saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology;⑦scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy;⑧point out the more directions on groundwater resources.

它将为制定水资源的可持续发展目标和战略决策提供科学依据，为制定社会、经济可持续发展战略提供理论基础。基于以上考虑，论文主要从以下几方面对地下水资源可持续开发问题进行了比较深入的探讨：①全面回顾了"可持续发展"概念的由来与演变，对国内外"可持续发展"的研究现状进行了述评，并对"可持续发展"概念的科学内涵进行了深入探讨；②对涉及地下水资源的一些最基本的概念和命题进行了全面的回顾和评述，对目前仍然存在的一些错误观点和混乱认识提出了自己的见解；③全面阐述了地下水资源变值系统理论的内容和意义，并与传统的地下水资源计算评价方法进行了对比分析，结合实例具体说明了方法的应用；④深入分析了地下水资源预测预报工作的极端重要性和复杂性，对传统的地下水资源动态预测方法进行了全面的评述，指出了各类预测预报方法的特点及适用条件，对最近二十多年刚发展起来的小波分析技术的主要思想和方法及其应用范围，以及号称第五代计算机语言的MATLAB软件和附带的小波分析工具箱进行了介绍，并应用于地下水动态过程线的分析，采用时间序列中的B-J法，蒙特卡罗方法，与地下水资源变值系统理论相结合，探讨了地下水动态资料分析和地下水资源预测预报的新思路；⑤综合分析了现今各类地下水管理模型的特点及缺陷，将数学规划、数理统计、随机过程等与地下水变值系统理论相结合进行地表水地下水或多水源的联合优化调度，使模型更准确、更实用；⑥对保证地下水资源可持续开发的内部条件和外部条件进行了分析，内部条件主要是正确的资源观，科学的资源计算与评价方法，可靠的资源预测预报技术，可操作的资源管理措施，外部条件主要是高层发展思路、管理体制的变革、配套的政策法规、经济杠杆的调节、人文素质的提高、节水意识的增强及具体节水措施、人口增长的控制、水体污染的防治、生态的恢复和重建等；⑦从宇宙科学、地球系统科学及哲学的高度审视地下水资源的可持续开发；⑧指出了地下水资源可持续开发的进一步研究方向。

Two examples are provided (one of them is proposed by the authors, and its optimal solution is known). The numerical results show that the DAGA is effective and superior to multiplicator algorithm.

文章给出两个算例(其中一个为作者构造的已知最优解的算例)，计算结果表明了此算法的有效性，并且优于数学规划的乘子法的计算结果。

Methodologically, it addresses a multi-objective, two-modal network flow problem based on the concept of bi-level programming and network optimization theory.

由於交通管制决策过程中『决策者』与『用路者』之间系相互影响之互动决策过程，本研究乃应用二阶数学规划方法及路网最佳化理论，建构多目标「交通管制策略模式」。

In the first part, the thesis firstly constructs the production possibility sets deduced from constant, nonincreasing, nondecreasing and nondetermined returns to scale. Based on the above point, the thesis systematically deduces the models of DEA which evaluate production efficiency for exogenously fixed inputs and the models of ADEA (Allocative Data Envelopement Analysis) which evaluate cost, revenue, profit efficiencies and allocation efficiency in production possibility sets, and then discusses the solution properties of these mathematics models.

在第一部分中，首先以生产规模收益率不变、非增、非减和不确定四种情形下的生产可能集的构成为出发点，系统地归纳出在这四种生产可能集上评价具有固定不变输入或输出生产有效性的DEA模型及其相应情形下评价生产成本、收入、利润和生产配置有效性的ADEA模型，并讨论了这些数学规划模型解的性质。

Oil-field development ; optimal control ; numberical simulation ; mathematical programming/differential equations of percolation

油田开发；最佳控制；数值模拟；数学规划/渗流微分方程

The optimality criterion that the aseismic structure must satisfy as it is optimal is derived by using the Kuhn-Tucker necessary condition, and its meanings are also interpreted from the point of view of physics.

从数学规划中的Kuhn-Tucker条件出发，推导出结构抗震可靠性的优化准则，并在物理上解释了该准则的含义。

In terms of the development of computer technology, finite element method and mathematical programming, the optimum design of structures has experienced fast growth both in the theory and techniques, and become necessary tools in modern design.

藉助于计算机技术、有限元方法和数学规划等学科领域的发展，经过几十年的研究，结构优化设计的理论和方法已取得了长足的进展，并已成为现代设计方法中不可缺少的工具。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。