推理

This dissertation proposes group reasoning and group AHP-based GDSS structure and its decision steps to solve the problems existing in research of theory and application of GDSS. Besides, the dissertation also studies the method of group reasoning on rough-set and qualitative reasoning method basis in GDSS. It also studies on constructing method of hierarchy structure of group AHP in GDSS and combinative method of judgment matrixes. Moreover, it studies on method regarding construction of judgment matrixes on rough set based and optimization theory of convex combination parameters of judgment matrixes as well. Finally, it develops an AHP based GDSS to demonstrate the efficiency of these methods.(1) This dissertation also summarizes the developing trend of GDSS and analyses problems as regards the research of GDSS.

本论文针对GDSS理论研究及应用中存在的若干问题，提出了基于群体推理及群体层次分析法的GDSS结构，并给出了基于该结构的GDSS的决策程序；研究了GDSS环境下的基于粗糙集理论及定性推理技术的群体推理方法，并举例说明了方法的有效性；研究了GDSS环境下群体AHP层次结构的建立、判断矩阵集结的理论与方法；研究了判断矩阵凸组合系数的优化原理；探讨了基于Rough Set的判断矩阵构造方法；开发了一个基于AHP的GDSS原型系统，旨在验证本文关于GDSS环境下群体AHP有关方法的有效性。

The properties and expression of knowledge are discussed in brief and binary and multiple truth expression and inference of knowledge are studied focally. The neural networks which can realized the three valued logic are overviewed. The new idea of uncertain inference based on three valued logic is proposed for the first time The models of neural logic, which can realize three valued logic and uncertain three valued logic inference are proposed, too. The learning algorithm of coefficient of MVL's function based on the canonical realization of MVL network is investigated for the first time and the appropriate algorithm is proposed.

4简要地论述了知识的特征及其表现形式，重点研究了知识的真值二值和多值表示法以及基于知识真值表示法的逻辑推理；通过对目前可实现三值逻辑推理的逻辑神经元及其网络的简要回顾，指出了各自的局限性，首次提出了基于三值逻辑的不定性推理的新概念以及可实现三值逻辑和三值逻辑不定性推理的逻辑神经元模型，同时对基于这种逻辑神经元模型的推理系统的应用领域进行了探索性尝试；另外，首次对基于多值逻辑网络正规实现的多值逻辑函数的系数参数的学习算法进行了研究，并提出了相应的学习算法。

Content: Transitive inference characterized by two or more than two judgment with transitive relation, it is an indirect relation reasoning.

传递性推理是由两个或两个以上的具有传递性关系的判断构成的推理，是一种间接关系的推理。

In knowledge base the knowledge may produce the inconformity, in appliedly these knowledgeses proceed logically, would seriously affect the reason logically process the knowledge efficiency, even will produce the fata mistakes.

摘 要：在知识库中知识可能会产生不1致，在应用这些知识进行推理时，会严重影响推理过程中知识的推理效率，甚至会产生错误。

In knowledge base the knowledge may produce the inconformity, in appliedly these knowledgeses proceed logically, would seriously affect the reason logically process the knowledge efficiency, even will produce the fata mistakes.

摘 要：在知识库中知识可能会产生不一致，在应用这些知识进行推理时，会严重影响推理过程中知识的推理效率，甚至会产生错误。

In the former representation, if no restrictions are imposed on formulas, then there is no algorithm to realize the reasoning in the resulted knowledge base; in the latter representation, the reasoning in the ontology represented by the description logic is decidable, while in general, for mathematical knowledge described by the first order logic which contains the ontology represented by the description logic, there is no algorithm to realize its reasoning.

在前者的表示中，如果对公式不作任何限制，那么得到的知识库中的推理不是可算法化的；在后者的表示中，以描述逻辑描述的本体中的推理是可算法化的，而以本体为逻辑语言的一部分的一阶逻辑所表示的数学知识中的推理一般是不可算法化的。

The neuropsychological research showed that left dorsolateral (BA8/9) prefrontal gyros showed greater activity during induction. But the research in the field is still very poor as so far, there is lot of deficiency. We all believe that the research in brain mechanism of inductive reasoning will have a good future.

通过对当前归纳推理中的神经影像学研究的综述发现与归纳推理有关的大脑部位主要是左侧前额叶背外侧部(BA8/9)，但是已有的归纳推理的脑机制研究还很贫乏，而且存在很多的不足，加强这一领域的研究有着十分深远的意义。

At present, the research of function of inference is mainly consisted of connective inference and elaborative inference.

目前对文本阅读的推理研究，从功能上讲，主要是研究连结推理和精加工推理。

German scholar Ernst Gutt first applied Relevance Theory to translation, who pointed out that, translation is an inferential process related to the mechanism of the brain. According to Gutt, the ultimate goal of translation is its optimal relevance to the source text. Relevance is the result of optimal balance between contextual effect and processing effort.

德国学者奥古斯特·格特率先将关联理论应用于翻译研究中，指出翻译是一个涉及大脑机制的推理过程，它是一种言语交际行为，不仅涉及语码，更重要的是根据动态的语境进行动态的推理，而推理所依据的就是关联性。

This thesis chooses Grade 7, Grade 1 of high school and junior as subjects, it proves that the dual-processing theory can make an effective interpretation of individual and age differences in the perspectives of content effect, logic effect, time pressure, self-confidence assessing, logic training and individual cognitive difference according to the different characteristics of the two systems. The research concludes:(1) The subjects in the three grades are all affected by content. The accuracy of the four inferent types about abstract and concrete material increases with age.

为验证双重加工理论对条件推理的个体差异和年龄差异的解释力度，本论文选取初一、高一、大学三个年龄段近1300名被试，根据两个加工系统的不同特点，从内容效应、指导语效应、时间压力、自信评价、逻辑训练以及认知的个体差异——工作记忆容量等角度对条件推理进行了发展性研究，研究结果显示：(1)随着年龄的增长，三个年级被试的抽象和具体材料条件推理四种推论的正确率均增长。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。