控制

The core issue of nutrient control was focused and the dynamic studies on phosphorus pollution of the whole watershed were conduced: 1 to highlight the non-point source pollution control, which is the difficulties research subject of water resource protection; 2 to perfect the calculation method for phosphate input and output, providing important basis on decision making for nutrient control; 3 to establish database and water quality model, to predict the water quality response after different phosphorus control schemes realized; 4 to determine admissible phosphorus loading and control standard according to the quantitative relationship between the external force function (mainly the exotic nutrient salt concentration or loading) and internal nutrient state response, and to work out the effective and practical techniques for eutrophication control.

围绕营养盐控制的核心问题，进行全流域范围磷污染的动态研究：1）突出了目前我国水资源保护研究难点—非点源污染控制；2）完善了流域水库磷盐收支计算方法，为流域营养盐控制决策提供了重要依据；3）建立数据库和水质模型，预测了在实施不同磷削减控制方案后流域供水水质的响应情况；4）根据湖泊外力函数（主要是外来营养盐浓度或负荷）与湖库内营养状态响应间的定量关系，确定了磷允许负荷量及控制标准，提出了有效的富营养化控制实用技术。

Electric control valve for variable displacement is a novel control component in automotive air conditioners, which turns mechanic capacity control into electric control. It can use optimal algorithms to control capacity, and has interface with automotive systematic control unit. It has fantastic foreground.

变排量压缩机电动控制阀是目前在轿车空调系统中出现的一种新型容量控制元件，它完成了容量控制由机械式调节到电动控制的转化，不仅能够采用优化控制算法实现制冷系统的多元控制，而且为轿车整车系统控制提供了接口，市场前景很好。

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

Along with advancement of industrial control demand, development of control theory and computer technology, a predictive control algorism is produced with effective control and strong robustness, which is applicable to complex industrial processes and the control system, and is successful applied in petroleum, chemical industry, metallurgy and mechanism, and have a good prospect in application.

随着工业控制要求的提高及控制理论与计算机技术的发展，产生了控制效果好、鲁棒性强，适用于复杂的工业过程的预测控制算法，并已在石油、化工、冶金、机械等工业领域的控制系统中得到了成功的应用，是一类很有发展前景的新型计算机控制算法。

Fuzzy controller is designed according to human"s controlling experience of systems. After reducing the operator"s controlling experience to a set of qualitatively descriptive conditional statements, and then quantifying them by using the theory of fuzzy set, the controller can transform the natural language of human"s controlling strategies into the algorithmic language acceptable for the computer, then the controller can receive human"s experience, and imitates humans operating strategies and effectively control some objects that can not be constructed into the mathematical model.

模糊控制控制器是以人对被控系统的控制经验为依据而设计的，它把操作人员的控制经验归纳成定性描述的一组条件语句，然后运用模糊集合理论将其定量化，把人的控制策略的自然语言转化为计算机能够接受的算法语言所描述的控制算法，使控制器得以接受人的经验，模仿人的操作策略实现对一些无法构造数学模型的被控对象进行有效的控制。

The hardware consists of industrial personal computer, temperature data collecting module, analog output card and thermocouples. With Visual Basic6.0 as a development platform, the software is based on control algorithm.

其温度控制通常是通过高频加热设备上的手动旋钮调节输出功率，从而控制温度，这样很难达到精确控制试验样品的升降温速度和进行恒温控制，本文设计一套高频感应加热设备温度控制系统，控制界面友好，可以直接在计算机上设定高频感应加热设备的温度变化曲线。

This system has function dispersion and can deal with parameter checking, calculation, control strategy, information output and process parameters time-control. These functions will auto-run effectually and reliably that make control dispersion. Fieldbus intelligential model layer in this system is made of a few intelligential models in the fields.

该系统实现了功能分散控制，对过程参数检测及运算处理、控制策略的实现、控制信息的输出以及过程参数的实时控制等都在现场的过程控制单元中有效地、长期可靠地、无人干预地自动进行，从而实现控制功能的高度分散。

Various ventilation methods are discussed and the necessity to use feed-forwards traffic forecast ventilation control is put forward. Autoregressive Moving Average process is implemented to forecast traffic volume. Fuzzy intelligent control strategy is developed to address the problem that tradition control methods could hardly response to cross-river tunnel contaminant in time.

在分析了不同通风控制系统下，前馈预估控制对隧道通风控制的必要性；提出了运用自回归滑动时间序列模型对隧道交通流预测的方法；反馈控制无法及时响应隧道污染物变化情况的基础上，采用模糊控制设计隧道通风控制策略。

The possibility was discussed that the conventional mechanic carding machine was modified with a computer automatic controlling system based on the artificial neural network.

探讨了利用人工神经网络进行粗梳毛纺毛条质量控制的原理及方法，探讨了用基于人工神经网络的计算机自动控制系统改造传统机械式梳毛机的可能性，通过比较基于人工神经网络的计算机自动控制系统与一般自动控制系统提出了基于人工神经网络的计算机自动控制系统，经对实测数据验算，控制精度十分理想。

The feedback of the closed loop control system is comprised of position sensor and system software.

在轻压下压力控制系统中，设计了使用先导式伺服比例阀作控制元件，以压力传感器作为反馈元件的闭环控制系统；在速度控制系统，用变频器作控制元件，设计了由位置传感器和系统软件构成的速度传感器作为反馈元件的闭环控制系统。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。