异常增生的

Hepatitis viruses, alcohol, drugs, poisons, blood fluke,and so on, may irritate liver long term, which then activates hepatic stellate cells living in hepatic sinusoid to excrete excess extracellular matrix.

肝纤维化的形成主要是由于肝炎病毒、酒精、药物、毒物、血吸虫等多种损伤因素长期刺激肝脏，使肝窦内肝星状细胞活化，肝组织内细胞外基质成分过度增生与异常沉积，导致肝脏结构或功能异常。

The expression of Filaggrin was limited to stratum corneum in normal epidermis.

在扁平苔藓皮损中角质形成细胞存在着明显的增生和分化异常。2。

The notable proliferation was not observed by eyes in the local of injection. The infiltration of inflammation cells and mild proliferation of fibrocyte around dura mater was observed by HE stained in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Infiltration and exudation of inflammation cells was observed by HE stained in epidural nerve root. Compared with group A, no changes of group B, C and D were observed under specific stained. Proliferation of type Ⅱ collagen fibers around dura mater was seen under immunohistochemical stained in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. There is no significant demyelination changes under LFB stained. The thickness and shape of the myelin sheath in epidural nerve root was not regular under transmission electronic microscopy in 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Fibroblast was also seen there. In nerve endometrium, macrophage could be seen under TEM, myelinated nerve fiber changed significantly, but nonmyelinated nerve fiber changed mildly. When 8 weeks, the changes of group D is smaller than the group B and C.

给药局部肉眼观察未见明显的纤维组织增生；HE染色可见B、C、D三组给药后四周及八周时硬膜内外均有炎细胞浸润，纤维细胞轻度增生，硬膜外神经根内有炎细胞浸润及炎性渗出；特殊染色B、C、D三组同A组相比未见有脊髓及神经根的改变；免疫组化染色，给药后四周及八周时，硬膜内外均有Ⅱ型胶原纤维增生；固兰染色B、C、D三组未见有明显脱髓鞘改变，与A组相比无明显异常改变；电镜观察B、C、D三组在给药后的四周及八周时，表现为硬膜外神经根内髓鞘厚薄不一，形状不规则，可见成纤维细胞，神经内膜中可见有巨噬细胞；粗大的有髓神经纤维变化明显，无髓神经纤维受累较轻；八周时电镜下D组改变较B、C两组为轻。

Pneumatization and proliferation of middle turbinate and bent uncinate process were the most common anatomic variation in the diseased group.

病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧

Objective: To investigate the distribution of chromosomal aberrational karyotype in myelodysplastic syndrome subgroups, and study the siginificance of karyotype analysis in the transformation into leukemia and prognosis of MDS.

目的：探讨骨髓增生异常综合征患者染色体异常核型在MDS亚型中的分布及核型分析在该疾病向白血病转化和预后中的意义。

Polycystic ovary syndrome , one of the most common endocrine diseases affecting women of reproductive age, plays an important role in anovulatory infertility, with a prevalence of up to 5%~21%; The main clinical manifestations include irregular menstruation (amenorrhea or infrequent menstruation or dysfunctional uterine bleeding), infertility, hirsutism, obesity and acanthosis nigricans. Elevated serum LH levels and hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia are its endocrinological features. Polycystic ovary morphology is also a common feature in PCOS. With the advance researches, PCOS displays its complexity and essential trend.

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome，简称PCOS)是育龄期妇女最常见的内分泌紊乱性疾病之一，在不排卵性不孕中占主要地位，发病率约5%～21%；主要表现为月经异常、不孕、多毛、肥胖及黑棘皮征，以高雄激素血症、促性腺激素异常、高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗等内分泌学特征，以双侧卵巢增大呈囊性改变并间质增生为病理形态学基础的多系统疾病。

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

The major manifestations of MR imaging included synovial hyperplasia and pannus formation, joint effusion, bone marrow oedma, adnormality of signal and shape of meniscus, soft tissue swelling, cartilage destruction,popliteal lymphagogue, et al.

结果42例JIA患者的42个膝关节可见不同程度的MR异常改变（100%），主要影像学表现包括滑膜增生及血管翳形成、关节腔渗出积液、骨髓水肿、半月板形态及信号异常改变、关节软骨破坏、腘窝淋巴结肿大等。

Yelodysplastic syndromes,as a disease of dyspoiestichematopoietic stem cell,have a disturbance of DNA synthesis,cellsdifferentiation and some leudemic characterization.It's marrow cell displaylike megaloblastic change,so we postulated that folate receptor have adifference of both quantitative and quanlititive in megalolbastic anemia,MDSand lenkemia.

DS作为异常干细胞克隆性增生疾病，在DNA的合成及细胞分化异常，表现出白血病的某些特征和骨髓细胞具有不同程度的巨幼变，因而我们推测巨幼贫、白血病和MDS的叶酸受体不但有量的改变，而且有质的变化。

The adrenals at the bottom represent bilateral cortical hyperplasia. This could be due to a pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH (Cushing's disease), or Cushing's syndrome from ectopic ACTH production, or idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia.

位于下方的肾上腺是肾上腺皮质增生，这可能是由于垂体腺瘤分泌 ACTH，或是由于 ACTH 异常分泌引起的库欣氏综合征，还可能是由于先天性肾上腺增生而引起的。

He and Nina moved to California and lived at 2005 Ivar Street, Apt.

他和Nina搬到加州，并在2005年伊瓦尔街，公寓生活。

Droperidol （ potently inhibits transfected HERGchannels and this is the probable mechanism for QT prolongation.

氟哌利多有效地抑制了转染的 HERG 钾通道，可能是 QT 间期延长的机制。