学习者

Mostly, the teaching of virtual lab is surported by the instruction software, and used in the physics and chemistry experimental teaching.Microworld mainly use computer analogue approaches to construct a kind of learning environment for the learners to explore freely.

在课堂教学中，"虚拟实验室"一般借助教学模拟软体来进行；微型世界是利用电脑模拟方法构造一种可供学习者自由探索的学习环境，让学习者通过操纵其中的物件来形成操作技能和解决问题的能力。

One may need to entertain the hypothesis that based on the affinity between the network-like structure of comprehension and that of hypermedia products, intensive interaction with the latter might facilitate the construction of rather shallow associationist cognitive networks. Such networks would consist of trivial, frail connections, having no intellectual merit.

我们或许需要思考这一假设：由于意义理解的网络结构与超媒体产品的结构具有相似性，因此，学习者与超媒体产品的深入交互可能会促使学习者建立一种很肤浅的联想性的认知网络，这种网络之中所包含的是一些不甚重要的、虚弱的联系，而没有任何智慧的价值。

Atypical problem is that our learners of WBI have no enough dynamics to study whenthey face the key composition of our WBI—online course. How to raise the learningdynamics by effective designing of online course is very important. In view of this, westudied how to improve learning dynamics of WBI learner by effective design of onlinecourse.

一个典型的问题就是，我们的网络学习者在面对我们网络教育的核心成分—网络课程时，积极性并不高，也就是说没有足够的动力去学习，由此看来研究如何通过对网络课程的有效设计来提高学习者的学习动力的问题有着相当重要的意义的。

To overcome these problems, the learner model is divided into two parts; the first part contains summative learner information

解决这些问题，学习者模型被分成两个部分；第一个部分包含3 个月前的学习者讯息总和和第2 个部分包含过去3 个月学习者与Web FSMILE相互作用的详细的描述。

The report exhibits a negative evaluation of college English classroom instruction and an unapparent effect of classroom instruction,reflecting a comprehensive interactionalist result of learner's cognitive style,individual learner differences,motivation,and strategies as well as teacher's professional standard,teaching materials,etc.

调查结果显示，大学英语课堂教学总体评价是负面的，课堂教学对学习者的语言学习的作用不明显。课堂教学是学习者的认知风格、学习者个体差异、学习动机、学习策略、师资水平、教学内容等各种因素共同作用的结果。

Secondly, based on the findings of investigations and interviews, and the hypothesis that through fostering learner autonomy in learners, the negative situation would gradually be changed for the better, and students and teachers could cooperate more satisfactorily in the process of EFL learning and teaching, I adopted and designed ways of fostering learner autonomy and carried out the experiment to see whether or not by so doing, learners' attitude towards English learning will be changed and their English level will be improved accordingly.

对教师的深入采访表明学习者的自主性水平非常低；第一次问卷调查（2004年11月底）表明，大多数学习者知道他们应该对自己的英语学习负责，但对学习者自主性这一术语知之甚少，因此他们无法运用自主性学习这一技巧来为自己的学习服务。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

Findings of the study support liang's conclusion that the probability-based tagger is more viable and less affected by the proficiency level of the learners. besides, the taggers are also examined for their ability to handle spoken features in the texts. it is revealed that pauses, repetitions and sentence fragments in learners' transcribed spoken data seriously affect the performance of the rule-based tagger.

研究结果与梁茂成对中国学生书面语赋码准确率的考察结果基本一致，基于概率的词性赋码器更适用于为学习者口语语料进行自动赋码，赋码准确率较高且性能稳定，其赋码准确率受学习者口语语言水平影响不大，而基于规则的词性赋码器受学习者语言水平和口语特征（停顿、重复、缺乏语法性等）的影响较大。

Two questionnaires, a pre-examination, two post-examinations and SPSS statistic software were employed, and the following discoveries were made:(1) it is positive to apply training strategies to short-term, intensive, adult learners;(2) linguistic and memory factors are the two biggest obstacles faced by adult learners;(3) most adult learners realize the importance of training strategies, however, the importance of a learning strategy in their mind is greatly influenced by the number of the strategies which are already used in their study process;(4) there are some differences between older and younger learners in their application of strategies; for instance, metacognitive and social/affective strategies are adopted more by the older learners, and younger learners are affected more by cognitive strategies.

研究方法主要有问卷调查和试卷测试，根据受调查者在最终考试中听力测试中取得的成绩，通过SPSS统计软件进行数据分析，判断学习策略对他们听力学习的影响。第一，应用策略培训，对于短期培训的成年学习者，拥有积极意义。第二，语言应用能力和句子识别能力是成年学习者听力学习中的最大障碍。第三，大多数学习者培训前对学习策略对于听力学习的影响有一定的认识，但是认识程度在教学过程中，会受到是策略输入多少的影响。

You have to figure out for yourself if you are more of a visual learner, an auditory learner or a kinesthetic/tactile learner.

你得清楚自己到底是属于视觉学习者，听觉学习者，还是触觉学习者。

In her eyes, because that is the doorway toher heart * the place where love resides.

女人的漂亮必須從她的眼睛中去看，因為那是她心靈的窗戶和愛居住的地方

I will send some postcards to you.

我会向你发送一些明信片。