基础学科

It's warning and outcry for mediocrity of human society by the superiority.Under the surrounding, The library can put a good equitant development into execution dependent upon whether the leader have a "sage jewel" of scientific decision making to understand and exert it's great signification poignantly.He delve library science and acquaint with professional skill, we can get a lot of practical experience from ancientness and today,Chinese and foreign. At the present time,run back over historical development of libary's management, getting a realization on property of common service and roles definitely.

在这样的大环境下，任何一个公共图书馆能否实现跨越式良好发展，这就要看领导者是否能以科学决策理念为"法宝"，深刻理解科学决策的重大意义并能在理论和实践创新中很好地掌握和运用决策理念的主要内容；是否能在图书馆学科理论研究的工作实践中，以图书馆学科体系为科学决策的理论基础，深入了解和研究图书馆学的形成和发展史、学科体系及分支学科、研究方法及其前景展望等，从而为科学决策在本专业学科领域的研究创新打下坚实的理论基础；是否能通过纵横分析人类文明历史进程中公共图书馆的基本职能及其演变过程，更加明确其职能的公益性质，从而树立起以最大可能实现公共图书馆的职能为成功决策的实践标准。

The first part introduces MPA's historical development in America and its particular characteristics. This partmainly focuses on 5 main characteristics, namely,(1) the development of practical skills as the highest priority in their educational formation,(2) the experience-oriented enrollment system;(3) the perfected curriculum setting,(4) the effective and flexible teaching methods, and (5) the highly trained faculty. The second part analyzes the background and key problems of Chinese MPA's education. It includes a lack of specialized educational aims, an overly grade-conscious enrolment system, a need for a more flexible curriculum, a shortage of "case-oriented" teaching methods and the dearth of a highly trained faculty. The third part proposes a theoretical framework based on the MPA educational model.

本文首先阐述了美国MPA教育的发展历程，并在追溯历史的基础上总结了美国MPA教育的主要特点，即：能力为先的培养目标、注重经历的招生办法、完善多样的课程设置、灵活有效的教学方式以及专兼结合的师资队伍五个方面；然后分析了我国MPA教育产生与发展的宏观背景与学科背景，并从MPA教育微观层面对我国目前存在的主要问题进行剖析，这些问题包括培养目标缺乏个性、招生录取偏重分数、课程设置弹性不足、案例教学较为薄弱、队伍建设有待加强；再从MPA教育的学科性质、培养目标、学科基础、课程设置、馨糕孺教学方法等方面构筑了MPA教育的基本理论框架：最后，提出了我国MPA教育改革与发展的基本思路与主要对策，思路着眼于MPA教育的长远发展，对策主要针对目前我国MPA教育存在的主要问题，包括：适时调整宏观政策、加大教学创新力度、强化师资队伍建设、加强硬件环境建设以及构建开放教育网络五个方面。

According to relevant data from the samples, and on the basis of verifying the relativity between the discipline innovation ability and its organizational structure and behavior, it discussed the direct influence and the intermediate variable of in direct influence that organizational structures and innovatin behavior have on innovation ability and the innovation path of discipline.

根据实例的相关数据，在分析验证学科组织结构及创新行为与学科创新能力相关性的基础上，探讨了组织结构、创新行为对学科创新能力的直接影响、间接影响的中间变量及学科创新路径问题。4。

The conception, foundation, core, status, and system structure of Chinese landscape architect

论述了中国风景园林学科的概念、基础、核心、地位和学科体系结构，在中西比较的基础上讨论了学科的名称和发展前景。

Based on the analysis on the knowledge flow of key disciplines and the main task of disciplinary librarians in universities, this paper discusses the important role of disciplinary librarians in the construction of key disciplines. The disciplinary librarian is the releaser and researcher, the manager and integrator, the consultant and organizer of virtual communication of the disciplinary information.

本文在分析高校重点学科知识流程和学科馆员的主要任务的基础上，讨论了学科馆员在高校重点学科建设中的重要作用：学科馆员是学科信息的发布者与研究者，是学科信息资源的管理者与集成者，是学科信息的导航者与服务者，是学科信息咨询专家与虚拟交流的组织者。

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the basic difficulties of total claims and the problems of unit science by the example of economics. It holds that we must both respect the disciplinal knowledge and break the limits of disciplinal thinking, and advocate one kind of post-disciplinal thinking that maintains both disciplinal knowledge with strict limits and exterior critiques.

本文的目标在于阐明总体性声称的基本困难，并以&经济学帝国主义&之例指出&统一科学&的问题，强调必须同时尊重学科知识有效性和超越学科思维的禁锢从而维持人文研究的批判和自我批判向度，并在此基础上主张具有严格边界的学科知识发展与外部批判共举的&后学科思维&。

It's warning and outcry for mediocrity of human society by the superiority.Under the surrounding, The library can put a good equitant development into execution dependent upon whether the leader have a "sage jewel" of scientific decision making to understand and exert it's great signification poignantly.He delve library science and acquaint with professional skill, we can get a lot of practical experience from ancientness and today,Chinese and foreign. At the present time,run back over historical development of libary's management, getting a realization on property of common service and roles definitely.

在这样的大环境下，任何一个公共图书馆能否实现跨越式良好发展，这就要看领导者是否能以科学决策理念为&法宝&，深刻理解科学决策的重大意义并能在理论和实践创新中很好地掌握和运用决策理念的主要内容；是否能在图书馆学科理论研究的工作实践中，以图书馆学科体系为科学决策的理论基础，深入了解和研究图书馆学的形成和发展史、学科体系及分支学科、研究方法及其前景展望等，从而为科学决策在本专业学科领域的研究创新打下坚实的理论基础；是否能通过纵横分析人类文明历史进程中公共图书馆的基本职能及其演变过程，更加明确其职能的公益性质，从而树立起以最大可能实现公共图书馆的职能为成功决策的实践标准。

The conception, foundation, core, status, and system structure of Chinese landscape architecture discipline were discoursed upon.

论述了中国风景园林学科的概念、基础、核心、地位和学科体系结构，在中西比较的基础上讨论了学科的名称和发展前景。

The principle new development of modern irrigation engineering.

灌溉原理与技术》是农业水土工程学科中一门理论与技术兼备的专业课程，主要讲授现代科学灌溉理论的生理学和物理学基础，作物需水量计算理论与方法，非充分灌溉的科学依据与研究进展，现代灌溉方法的原理与研究进展，旨在使学生掌握现代灌溉学科的基本理论，了解本学科的关键技术、发展趋势与存在的问题，掌握相应的工程技术，培养学生建立现代灌溉的新观念和新理念，在理论和实践上奠定学生深入研究灌溉学科中的有关理论和技术的创新能力基础。

Medical radiobiology is a very important basic disciplines of medicine, radiobiology and clinical radiation injury, including the basic elements of their studies to molecular biology, pathology, Medical genetics, biochemistry, radiation health studies.

医学放射生物学是放射医学的一门重要的基础学科，包括放射生物学和放射损伤临床学的基本内容，其先修课程为分子生物学、病理学、医学遗传学、生物化学、放射卫生学等。

I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an English speaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies.

在大学的三年的学习生活不仅给予我自身的充实，更重要的是磨练和培养了我较强的自觉能力和严谨，踏实的作风以及不怕困难的精神，对未来充满了信心！

As the first volcanoes erupted, one of the gases that bellowed out was steam.

在第一批火山喷发时，喷出的气体之一就是水蒸汽。