地温的

Geothermal gradients of the basins in the eastern of Algin Rift were higher than those of the basins in western of Algin Rift in Late Mesozoic,and tectonic activities were stronger,indicating a strong regional tectonic thermal event.The basins on the western of Algin Rift were all compressive depressions,their geothermal gradients were lower.

中生代晚期阿尔金断裂以东沉积盆地地温梯度普遍高于阿尔金断裂以西沉积盆地，构造活动性强，强烈的构造运动引发了岩浆活动及地壳深部热活动，表明存在一期强烈的具有区域规模的构造热事件；阿尔金断裂以西为挤压坳陷型盆地，地温梯度普遍较低。

The main heat-proof and temperature-preserving covers are Silurian and Ordovician argillite of Gaozaitian Formation and Meitan Formation.The main thermal reservoir layer is Cambrian carbonate rock of Loushanguan Group.The aquatic chemistry of the hot ground water and drilling data indicate that the reservoir depth ranges from 1300 to 2500m and the geothermal gradient from 2.44 to 2.84℃/100 m. It is pointed out that there may exist another geothermal field in the plunging part of the east limb of Wudang Anticline.Some suggestions are made about the development and protection of the geothermal field.

其主要隔热保温盖层为志留系高寨田群(S1g)和奥陶系湄潭组(01m)泥页岩，主要热储层为寒武娄山关群(∈2-3ls)碳酸盐岩，根据地下热水水质化学成份特征及钻探资料，其深度为1300-2500 m，地温梯度2.44-2.84℃/100 m；指出乌当背斜东翼倾伏端有另一地热田存在可能性；以及对地热田研究开发、保护的意见。

Temperature is also a main factor affecting the summer runoff, and the relative influences of mean minimum temperature and averaged diurnal temperature range are 34%, 31%, respectively.

春季径流量的增加归因于平均最低气温的升高，其影响程度为68%；温度同样是影响夏季径流的主要因子，平均最低气温，平均日较差相对影响程度分别为34%、31%；降水量增多、平均地温升高是秋季径流量增加的主要原因，相对影响程度分别是35%、65%；影响冬季径流的主要气候因子是冬季平均最低气温、平均地温，影响程度分别是36%，64%。

The crystallization temperature and pressure of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the ankaramite and basalt were estimated on the basis of the clinopyroxene-melt equilibrium principle: 1345～1366℃ and 1.75～2.05Gpa for ankaramite, with average geothermal gradient of 20-24℃/km, suggesting anomalous heat or geothermal gradient in this region may be one of the key reasons to produce the porphyry copper deposits in the region. In contrast, those in the basalts fomed under a relatively low crystallization temperature (1129～1191℃), and the pressure (1.19～1.60Gpa) and depth (39～53km), suggesting that the basalt formed under a condition of lower temperature and pressure.

根据单斜辉石-熔体平衡原理计算了富辉橄玄岩和玄武岩中斑晶相辉石形成的温度和压力，前者变化范围主要集中在1345～1366℃和1.75～2.05GPa，其深度相当于58－67km，平均的地温梯度大约20～24℃/km，说明该区具有异常的热或地温梯度，这可能是导致本区斑岩铜矿形成的主要原因之一；后者的温度和压力都相对较低，分别为1129～1191℃和1.19～1.60Gpa，而相应的深度为39～53km，暗示着玄武岩是在相对低温低压的环境中形成的演化岩浆。

This paper gives a brief account of heat pump technology and the basic principle,recent development and classification of geothermic air-conditioner ,analyses the existing problems and gives an explanation of the general plotting,structure and main feature in developing water heat pump geothermic air-conditioner for household use.

简要介绍了热泵技术及地温空调基本原理、发展近况、分类方法，分析了其在家用系统开发存在的问题，描述了一种家用水源热泵地温空调开发的总体思路、结构原理及主要特点，并举实施例说明其节能、环保及利于家用推广的优势

The contrast studies of the heat flow and epicenters of the strong earthquakes (886～1998),the distribution of the geotemperature and high accurate data of focal depth (1983～1997)show that the strong earthquakes take place at the geothermal gradient zone in which the thermal stress concentrates, and that the foci are generally located between 100℃ and 600℃ is...

大地热流与强震( 886～ 1998年)震中、地温分布与精度较高的震源深度资料( 1983～ 1997年)的对比研究表明：云南强震主要发生于热应力集中的地热梯级带；震源一般位于 10 0～ 60 0℃等温线间，相当于 3～ 2 5km深度，并密集分布于 2 0 0～ 4 50℃等温线间，即 5～ 2 0km深处。震源深度分布范围可能与地温所引起的地壳脆韧性转变有关

Among the slope instability types, thaw slumping is the most hazardous to engineering projects. The ground temperature data of long-term monitoring in the typical thaw slumping indicates that average ground temperature increases and annual fluctuation of ground temperature are reducing under the thaw slumping. The reason is that the heat flux entering permafrost reduces.

针对典型热融滑塌进行的温度监测资料表明，在滑塌的影响下，其下多年冻土地温年变化幅度趋小而年平均地温升高，导致产生这一现象的原因在于每年进入多年冻土的冷能有所降低。

The subgrade damages are divided into two-types: high subgrade and low subgrade damages. High subgrade damages of which are related to the embankment height and slope directions maily include longitudinal cracks and subgrade cracks. The higher of the embankment height, the greater of the happening rate. The mechanisms of high subgrade damages formation are analyzed by the observed dates of soil temperature within the embankment and damages survey. In warm permafrost regions, the damages are mainly caused by the formation and development of the thaw bulb and thaw layer. In cold permafrost regions, the damages are mainly caused by frozen bulges.

围绕这些病害特征及形成过程，提出了将多年冻土区填土路基病害分为低路基病害与高路基病害，目前青藏公路路基的病害形式主要表现为以纵向裂缝与路基开裂为主的高路基病害，并提出了高路基病害与路基高度及坡向直接相关，路基高度越高，高路基病害发生的几率越大；通过对高路基地温观测数据的分析，并结合高路基病害的调查结果，研究得出了不同地温区高路基病害的形成机理，提出高温冻土区主要是由于融化盘与融化夹层的形成与发展所引起的，低温冻土区主要是由于冻结核的形成与发展所引起的。

The thermal gradients of the depression decreased during the Cenozoic time. However, it decreased quickly in Eogene, but only changed a little during the Neogene period The thermal gradient was 540～500℃/km during the period of the Kongdian group deposition, 500～400℃/km during the period of Shahejie group, 400～385℃/km of Dongying group and 385～355℃/km during the Neogene.

研究结果表明，济阳坳陷新生代以来的古地温梯度是逐渐降低的，但在早第三纪时期下降的幅度较大，而在晚第三纪－第四纪则下降的幅度明显较小；济阳坳陷在孔店组沉积时期的地温梯度为540～500℃/km之间，沙河街沉积时期为500～400℃/km，东营组沉积时期为400～385℃/km，晚第三纪时期为385～355℃/km，第四纪以来基本未变。

It was suggested that some unexplained abnormal geothermal phenomena may be caused by the Peltier effect when the earth current flows along the interfaces between two conductive minerals.

摘 要：为探究夏日冰洞地温异常的形成机制，结合热电学、矿物学、地球物理学等相关知识，提出一种基于热电效应的地温异常成因说。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。