刑罚

The developing trend of penalties is the penalty reprieve on the world today.

当代世界刑罚的整体发展趋势是刑罚轻缓化。

It represents the development trend ofpenalty, which from stringency paces into magnanimity.

它代表了刑罚由严厉走向宽缓的趋势，是刑罚发展的历史潮流。

It especially results in the transience of deterrent effect.Also the author considers that the function of punishment has an inevitable negative effect.

同时，刑罚的功能是相对的———刑罚在具有积极功能的同时，也具有一些不容忽视的消极功能或负面影响。

To be the philosophy base, rehabilitation model and regressing model put forward a different sight of the intention of penal execution from the traditionary which opinion to put an eye for an eye. They think the criminal's misdeed is an representation of unadapted to the society, and the tenet of punishment is to help them accommodate the circumstance, but the traditionary cannot be propitious to realize the tenet, so we must cut short the applying in the range of which the community can bear step by step; See from the economic base, the benefit of community correction is better than imprisonment no matter in execution or in the opportunity cost.

从哲学基础而言，康复模式和回归社会模式提出了不同于传统的报复主义观点的刑罚执行目的观，该观点认为犯罪人的犯罪是其不适应社会的一种表现，刑罚主要是为了帮助其适应这个社会，而传统的监禁方式并不能有助于该目的的实现，因而在社会可以容忍的条件内应该逐步缩减其适用范围；从经济学基础而言，无论从行刑成本还是从机会成本而言，社区矫正都比监禁刑更好的获得了效益最大化的效果。

They can be subsitutecl for one anither, and this conforms to the basic feature of penalty effectivener that holds back criminal.

因此 ，现实犯罪成本与潜在犯罪成本以及被刑罚时间彼此间不同形式和规模的组合，可以产生相同的刑罚效用。

Second, change of circumstances requires the adjustment of the criminal punishment. In fact, there were complex reasons for the appearance of high crimes. It is apodictic for the increase of social situation and the criminal reality, and with the deeper recognition of the value of punishment, it is necessary to review and modify 1979 Criminal Law, based on the Principle of Balance Between Crime and Punishment.

随着社会形势的发展及犯罪状况的变化以及人们对刑罚价值认识的深化，要求对79年刑法及单行刑法进行疏理、修改，修改刑法的一个重要方面就是要按照罪刑均衡原则的要求实现刑罚轻缓化，然而97年刑法对《决定》中规定的传授犯罪方法罪的法定刑几乎未作任何变动，仍规定了死刑，这使该罪法定刑设置违背了罪刑均衡原则也与我国限制死刑政策不符。

And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the ter***ble.

13：11 我必因邪恶，刑罚世界，因罪孽，刑罚恶人。使骄傲人的狂妄止息，制伏强暴人的狂傲。

The death penalty is eliminates the criminal offender life the penalty method, is in the penalty system most characterful, is also the most ancient punishment plants one.

死刑是剥夺犯罪分子生命的刑罚方法，是刑罚体系中最具特色的、也是最古老的刑种之一。

A consultable standard is needed while applying the legal circumstances stipulated in the penal code. The following steps may be effective: take into account all the details related to a crime including the circumstances for discretion without regard to the concrete legal circumstances presumably; decide abstractly the standard of punishment which should be applied to the crime; examine the legal circumstances and adjust the said criterion.

刑法规定的法定量刑情节需要一个参照基准，应在假定不考虑犯罪人的具体法定量刑情节的基础上，考虑犯罪人所有的与犯罪有关的全部犯罪细节包括酌定情节，抽象地确定这一犯罪应当适用的基准刑罚，再在此基础上，考虑量刑的法定情节，对基准刑罚进行适当的调整。

It is historically proved that the power of punishment must dissimilate into an instrument by which the state can rudely rule all citizens including suspects,defendants and criminals if it cannot be restricted and limited.Therefore,whether the power of punishment can be effectively restricted or not is an important symbol of whether a state realizes rule of law.

历史证明刑罚权如果不被制约和限制，必然异化成国家对待包括犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和罪犯在内的全体国民进行暴虐的工具，因此国家刑罚权能否受到有效的制约，是一个国家是否实现法治的重要标志。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。