刑罚

The current system of punishment is diseconomical ,we should get over the anamnesis of severe punishment,constitute the system and measures which are matching to the venial penalty.

我国现行刑罚体系不经济，应切实克服重刑思想，建立健全与刑罚轻缓化相配套的制度与措施。

The theory of the anticipated likelihood means that the behaviorist can be anticipated to do legal things according to the circumstances.

"没有责任就没有刑罚"是近代以来刑法的一项根本原则，责任是刑罚的前提和基础。

The reform of penalty,to make the use of this power more smoothly and beneficially,is vital to perfect the criminal mechanism.

刑罚改革，如何更好地实现刑罚权的配置和运作，在实现这一任务的过程中就显得尤为重要，是这一课题的基本内容。

This chapter tries to solve the following issues:as theconscious awareness of law-makers,the penalty-crimerelationship determines how to make law;as the form ofideas,the penalty-crime relationship regulates and guidesthe process of law-making and judicature;penalty andcrime as provided by law is nothing but the model for thepenalty-crime relationship presupposed and defined bylawmakers;the presupposition and definition of thepenalty-crime relationship is the value-based evaluativeactivity on the grounds of cognition;the change invalue-based criteria and the inherent contradiction of theobjective to beevaluated is the fundamental precondition for the definitionof the penalty-crime relationship;the change in classcontradiction is the basic cause for the change inevaluative criteria;the change in the objective to theevaluated reflects the demands and interests of the rulingclass to a certain extent,and lastly;as the evaluativeform of negating crime,penalty and its effectiveness dependheavily on the unity of compulsiveness and justice.

文章论述了刑罪关系作为立法者的自觉意识决定着刑事立法；刑罪关系作为观念的形式，规束并引导着立法和司法，法律中规定的犯罪与刑罚，是立法者设定的刑罪关系范式；刑罪关系的设定是以认识为基础的价值评价活动，价值标准的变动性和评价对象的内在矛盾性，是刑罪关系设立的根本前提，指出了阶级矛盾的变化是导致评价标准不确定的根本原因；评价对象的转移，在一定程度上反映出统治阶级利益的需要。刑罚作为对犯罪否定评价的方式，其有效性在于强制性与正义性的统一。

Although , as Justice Frankfurter has stated , the various American states present a crazy quilt pattern defeating any generalization, the normal method by which American justice seeks to determine the appropriate penalty in murder cases is a combination of degrees of murder and the device of entrusting a discretion as to the penalty of the court , except for certain cases where the death penalty is mandatory for first-degree murder.

尽管正如弗兰克福特法官所陈述的一样，美国各州提出了一个废弃任何一般化的怪诞的被状模式，除了死刑对于一级谋杀是强制性的特定情况外，美国所法官寻求的决定谋杀案件中的适当的刑罚的正常方法是，谋杀罪的等级和把关于刑罚的自由裁量权交付法院的办法相结合。

The deep level value and the judicial significance in this system are also worth considering, the conflicts of the different interests, the request of goal penalty theory, playing up to the penalty individualizing thoughts 、 the stability of the crim inal prosecution procedure and the public interest principle, and it is advantageous to the reasonable use of justice resources as to realize lawsuit efficiency.

蕴藏在该不起诉制度中的深层次价值和司法意义也是值得思考的问题，各种利益冲突的权衡—符合公共利益原则、目的刑罚的要求、符合刑罚个别化的思想、有利于合理使用司法资源，实现诉讼效率价值、体现刑事程序的安定性都是她的价值所在。

Penalty as a reaction to crime,was created because of culture,and was evolute because of cultural development and evolution,and the reprieve of penalty is the direct impetus to cultural progress.

刑罚作为对犯罪的反应，其不仅因文化而创立，更因文化的发展、变迁和进化而历经嬗变，刑罚轻缓化的直接动因是文化的演进。

Penalty is the "soul and spirit" of the criminal law, and to discuss how to make the penalty arrangement for economic crimes is either theoretically or judicially important.

刑罚是刑法的"灵魂与思想"，对经济犯罪的刑罚配置进行探讨无论在法理研究上还是司法现实中都极具意义。

While discussing Ta'azir Crimes , more new contents such as testimony, pension compensation, justicer's authority and criminal law application are also discussed as a complementarity so that the study is advanced greatly on the base of previous achievements.

引经据典，详细地阐释了固定刑罚和同态复仇刑罚的渊源、证据及恤金赔偿等；在探讨酌定刑的惩罚时，补充了如证据、恤金赔偿、法官职权和刑法适用范围等较多的新内容，在前人研究的基础上大大地推进了一步。

Article 65 of Criminal Law of People's Republic of China in 1997 stipulates: Those criminals, who have been sentenced to fixed term imprisonment and commit crime again within 5 years after implement of the penalty or grace, are recidivists.

我国1997年《刑法》第65条规定：被判处有期徒刑以上刑罚的犯罪分子，在刑罚执行完毕或者赦免以后，在5年以内再犯应当判处有期徒刑以上刑罚之罪的，是累犯，应当从重处罚。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。