刑罚

First, in the basic of definition of annihilation, the classification of annihilation is given.

本部分首先在界定刑罚消灭制度的基础上，对刑罚消灭制度按照刑罚实现的阶段进行了分类。

Punishability in criminal law first should be the reasons for certain acts to be included in the Criminal Code as a crime,later it is result of violation of criminal law.

应受刑罚惩罚首先是某类行为被作为犯罪纳入刑法的原因，而后才是某个行为违反刑法所应得到的结果，应受刑罚惩罚性是确定罪与非罪的标准，只有应受刑罚惩罚性才是犯罪的本质特征。

This thesis study from the legislative evolution of our countries" death penalty application and the criminal punishment of bribery and corruption that our country"s Taiwan, think that the application of death penalty of our country"s bribery and corruption crime violate the principle of suiting punishment to crime, principle of equity have a deterrent effect to corruption, it is difficult to achieve the aim of criminal punishment totally not accord with the voice of the people of our country and legislative trend of death penalty development of international community. It is a request based on China"s current death policy to abolish death penalty application, the ear of protecting human rights the base of allow capital punishment "equitably" and on the base of ensuring international criminal judicial cooperation, and put forward the method of abolish the capital punishment suability, which should be break though

本论文从研究我国贪污贿赂犯罪死刑适用的立法沿革及国外和我国台湾地区对贪污贿赂犯罪的刑罚规定着手，认为我国贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用违反了罪责刑相适应原则和人人平等原则、对反腐无有效的威慑力，难以达到刑罚的目的、不完全符合我国民众的呼声及国际社会死刑发展的立法趋势，废除其死刑适用是基于中国现行死刑政策的要求、基于保障人权的时代需要、基于合理配置死刑的需要及基于国际刑事司法合作的需要，并提出了废止贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用的途径宜从民意、政治、法律、经济等四个方面同时进行突破，然后在此基础上笔者提出与上述问题相适应的完善贪污贿赂犯罪刑事立法与加强司法的构想，主张在立法上增设罚金刑、完善资格刑的内容、加重自由刑的适用、提高数额特别巨大的认定标准及调整量刑幅度等；在司法上坚持刑罚的必然性和及时性、提高对贪污贿赂犯罪的追究率、加大对贪污贿赂犯罪财产刑的处罚等。

Institutionalization of depenalization means that we should exclude declaratory penalty and enforcement punishment, exercise criminal sociality treatment.

非刑罚化从制度设置上就是指刑罚宣告的回避、刑罚执行的回避以及犯罪人的社会化处遇。

In terms ofdiversification,this dissertation believes that for the assuming ways of the criminal responsibilitieson the securities crimes,such penalties as death penalty,life imprisonment,deprivation of politicalrights,confiscation of property,and public surveillance shouldn't be applicable,such penalties asfixed-term imprisonment,criminal detention and fine should be applicable,and such penalties asprohibition of special professions and disincorporate should be added,and such assuming ways ofnon-penalties should be applicable as being reprimanded,being ordered to make a statement ofrepentance,to offer an apology or to pay compensation for the losses,being subjected toadministrative penalty or administrative sanctions by the competent department,and simpledeclaration of being guilty.

在承担方式的多样化方面，认为证券犯罪不应当适用死刑、无期徒刑、剥夺政治权利、没收财产、管制等刑罚方法，可以适用有期徒刑、拘役和罚金，同时应该增补禁止从业和解散法人两种刑罚方法，并且适用训诫、责令具结悔过、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失、进行行政处罚或者行政处分或者单纯宣告有罪等非刑罚方法；在承担方式的合理化方面，认为应当重点进行三个方面的工作：一是提高罚金刑的地位，二是资格刑的并科，三是加强对单位证券犯罪的处罚，并指出了具体进行的措施和途径。

Therefore, the restriction of humanity is not justificatory, but conditional, only if humanitarian ideal is dominant o-ver the penalty idea, humanity will restrict penalties.

因此，人道对刑罚的限制不是根据性的，而是条件性的，只有当人道理念较比刑罚理念占优势时，人道才限制刑罚。

The reform of unpenalize as an important one of the reform of criminal law in our country, whose aim is to perfect the protectionism, advocate to take the unpenal measures, converge the limited penal resources to be against the serious crime and preclude crime within the most limitation.

非刑罚化改革作为我国刑法改革的一项重要内容，旨在完善我国的保安处分措施，提倡运用刑罚替代措施，集中有限的刑罚资源打击严重犯罪，最大限度地预防犯罪。

In theevolving history of the individualization of punishment thought,Theindividualization of punishment avouched by the Jindai school have largeinfluence.

在刑罚个别化思想的发展史上，近代学派所主张的刑罚个别化影响非常大，但是近代学派所主张的刑罚个别化已进化为现代刑法中的个别化。

Basing himself mainly on the materials in Zuozhuan, the author has rejected the previous scholars" opinion that the faith in Tian had been shaken and spoiled in this time period as the product of garbing according to their instant need, he states that, they had not given up the worship of the god of Tian, that the declaration of satisfying the god of Tian with moral deeds gradually became the prevailing ideology and greatly influenced the later generations including the Spring and Autumn Period, and that owing to the domination of Tian over people"s life, undoubtedly, some people or groups who were conceived wrong received penalties from the god of Tian, the will of which became the ultimate ground of crime in this period.

由于人们相信天主宰人间的一切，奖善罚恶，人们只有通过德行才能获得天的眷顾，所以，人们相信，那些严重违反德之人或集团理所当然地应该受到天之处罚。换言之，多数人对此确信无疑的时候，天意就成为刑罚的根据。为了避免以推理代替论证，本文利用《左传》中的史料进行了论证。我们在讨论犯罪以及刑罚根据的时候，犯罪及受到刑罚处罚者往往是卑者。德，根据前面的论述，是相互的。比如，父慈子孝，君信臣共。

The author thinks thatindividualization of execution means sentence term that culprits service isaccord with culprits'correction in indeterminate sentence period.

作者认为，在不定期刑兴盛时期，刑罚执行的个别化是指刑罚期限同罪犯矫正情况相一致。20世纪70年代后，随着对不定期刑的批评日渐加剧，这种对刑罚执行个别化的理解被认为简单化了。

I smile at your play with that little bit of a broken twig.

我微笑着看你玩那一段小小的树枝。

They may be produced for almost any shaft angle.

他们可能在制作中几乎任何一个轴角。