光谱

In this thesis, the study results of the basic characteristics of laser-ablation Cu plasma are given, Following are the details, The research of laser induced Cu plasma emission spectra in airUsing Nd:YAG laser (with a wavelength of 1064nm and a pulse width of 10ns) ablate copper target in air to observe the emission spectra of plasma.

本论文采用光谱方法对激光烧蚀产生的Cu等离子体的基本特征进行了实验研究，主要内容有：空气中激光烧蚀Cu产生等离子体发射光谱的研究利用Q-开关Nd∶YAG激光器产生的1.06μm、10ns的脉冲激光聚焦在空气中的Cu靶上，观测了激光诱导的Cu等离子体发射光谱。

For the in-situ work of spectrum-measuring in the Case-II waters, especially in the Pearl River Estuary, the above-water measuring technique is recommended. When on a boat, the height of sensor can vary in a scope of 1-5m above the sea surface, and the atmospheric effects can be ignored.

对于二类水体的现场光谱测量，特别是在珠江河口水域，宜采用水面以上光谱测量法；采用船基水体光谱现场测量，探头在合理的高度(如5米)范围内变化，大气的影响可忽略不计。

The effects of electron energy on spectral reflectanc e and solar absorptance are analyzed.The results are discussed relative to the change in spectral reflectance in the near infrared wavelength region.

分析了电子能量对光谱反射系数和太阳光谱吸收系数的影响，并对红外区光谱反射系数的变化结果进行了讨论。

Most of the molecular characteristic absorption is very weak, and the absorption line width is very narrow that can't be measured by traditional methods.

TDLAS系统的关键是利用激光二极管有很高光谱分辨率和可调谐性的特点，可以对特定分子在特定光谱范围内的一条振转线的光谱吸收进行测量而反演吸收气体的浓度，而且能够把待测分子与背景的干扰区分开来。

The action spectrum of photosynthesis of tomato was studied with excitation and fluorescence spectra of its leaf.

通过番茄叶片的荧光光谱和激发光谱测量，能够得到番茄的光合作用之作用光谱。

The experiment also shows that it is possible to get oil spill imaging from near ultra-violet to red spectral region with optimal spectral band selecting, but the violet-blue region is a best band, then blue-green, and the red region is poor for oil spill imaging.

实验还表明，选择最佳光谱段组合，从光谱近紫外区到红区均能获取海面油溢图像，其中以紫蓝光谱区最为理想，近紫外区和蓝绿光谱区次之，红区较差。

To reduce or remove size effect, the size classification elimination method, volume average method and normalization method based on volume were presented and the calibration and prediction results indicate that these three methods could reduce or remove the size effect effectively. The normalization method is more suit to in-line application and obtained better calibration and prediction results with the r of 0.789, 0.858 and 0.947, the RMSEC of 0.596, 0.499 and 0.313, and the RMSEP of 0.606, 0.686 and 0.413 than the results without normalization with the r of 0.716, 0.793 and 0.848, the RMSEC of 0.678, 0.592 and 0.515 and the RMSEP of 0.825, 0.764 and 0.714 for the original spectra, the first derivative spectra and the second derivative spectra with soluble solids content using partial least square method , respectively. 4. Owing to much thick skin of watermelon, contrast experiment was conducted in skin-peeled watermelon and intact watermelon to compare the influence of skin on spectra.

针对西瓜果型大且差异显著的特点，研究果型差异对可见／近红外光谱以及建模与预测结果的影响，并提出三种方法消除或减小这一影响因素，分别是分级消除法、体积平均法和基于体积的正则化方法，其中基于体积的正则化方法，更适合在线生产应用，该方法使果型大小差异明显样品的原始光谱、一阶微分光谱、二阶微分光谱在对可溶性固形物含量检测时，采用偏最小二乘法的建模与预测结果由原来的校正相关系数r分别为0.716、0.793、0.848提高到r分别为0.789、0.858、0.947，均方根校正标准偏差RMSEC由原来的0.678、0.592、0.515分别降为0.596、0.499、0.313，均方根预测标准偏差RMSEP由原来的0.825、0.764、0.714分别降为0.606、0.686、0.413； 4。

The research results show that the spectral variation of visible radiation from the target observed by the synchronous satellite is the same as that of the direct sunlight radiation, the spectral radiant flux of the target observed by the low orbit satellite is three orders higher than that observed by the synchronous satellite in magnitude, and the spectral radiant flux of the target observed by the midorbit satellite is one order higher than that observed by the synchronous satellite in magnitude.

研究结果表明：在可见光波段，目标对同步卫星辐射的光谱变化规律与太阳直射辐射的光谱变化一致，低轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大3个数量级，中轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大1个数量级。

"Specialized techniques include Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear quadrupole resonance, dynamic reflectance spectroscopy, microwave and gamma ray spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance."

专门的光谱技术有拉曼光谱、核磁共振、原子核四极矩共振、动态反射光谱、微波和γ射线光谱，以及电子自旋共振。

To obtain the hyperfine structure and A-doubling parameters from the high-resolution spectra of novel free radicals directly, a set of algebraic formulae were developed to analyze the spectra with hyperfine structure and A-doubling resolution, some related important constants of NO have been obtained by analyzing its LMR spectra.

为了对新自由基分子激光磁共振光谱的早期标识提供一些必要的分子参数，我们发展了一组用于分析自由基分子高分辨光谱中的超精细和Λ-双分裂结构的代数方程，通过对NO超高分辨激光磁共振光谱中的超精细和Λ-双分裂结构的分析，获得了该分子的部分超精细结构参数，由此验证了该方法的可靠性，为新自由基分子的光谱标识提供了必要的参数和先导方法。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。