光谱

Dependent on the past research in seaice, in Bohai Sea, in 2003-2004 winter and 2004-2005 winter with level ice for the target we open the field experiments to study the essential spectrum characteristic of ice, removing by testing means various nonessential factor for sea water in the fixing big ice plate, building up 170 growth conditions to look like under the natural condition, the growth expect different sample series; in 2004-2005 winter and 2005-2006 winter continue two pass to break thorough Bohai Sea in the ship to collect 59 sea ice sample that have the non-essential ice factors in winter, open the influence research that the field hangs sand to contribute to the spectrum of the ice body; in 2005-2006 winter, fast ice to open the field spectrum curves to coast and analytical research.

总结前人的研究成果和开展一系列的室内实验，在渤海—北半球纬度最低的结冰海域，于2003/2004、2004/2005 连续两个冬季以单层平整冰为目标开展实验研究一年生海冰的冰体本质光谱特征，在固定冰盘上以实验手段摒除各种光谱干扰因素，在自然条件下建立170 个生长条件近似、生长期不同的样本系列；于 2004/2005、2005/2006 连续两个冬季通过破冰船深入渤海采集59 个具有非冰体本质因素的海冰样本，开展悬沙对冰体反射光谱的影响研究；于2005/2006 冬季，针对沿岸固定冰开展光谱测量和分析研究。

The maximum absorption peak was at long wavelength (＞650nm), extinction coefficient achieves 10〓 degree, which was one degree higher than HpD. The study has revealed that CPD photosensitizer appeared blue movement under the relevant body environment. The spectra parameters provided basis for selecting light source of PDT. Measurement system which measured singlet oxygen and its quantum yields within the infare range had been set up and the quantum yields of singlet oxygen for CPD were reported: the quantum yields of singlet oxygen for CPD〓 was the highest (φ=0.83) while he quantum yields of singlet oxygen for CPD〓 was the lowest (φ=0.83). Photobleaching's half life time was studied.

给出了此类光敏剂的光谱指认和光谱参数：其吸收光谱峰值位于长波红光区(＞650nm)，摩尔消光系数达10〓LmoL〓cm〓量级，比血卟啉衍生物高出一个数量级；研究揭示了此类光敏剂在近似体内环境下光吸收的蓝移现象，为光动力治疗光源的选择提供了依据；建立了在近红外光谱区中测定敏化单态氧的光谱和量子产率测量系统，报导了该类光敏剂敏化单态氧的量子产率，其中CPD〓的单态氧量子产率最高(φ＝0.83)，CPD〓的单态氧量子产率最低(φ＝0.51)；测定了二氢卟吩类光敏剂的光漂白半衰期。

Fourthly, it discusses the spectral image loss-less compression by applying thecorrelation and the entropy of the spectral image sequence. It gives and analyses three expressions of imaging spectrometer images, and tells the change in correlation coefficient and entropy for different expressions. At last, it puts forward D2PCM de-correlation method to reduce the spatial and spectral redundancy. This method improves the compression ratio and the compression efficiency, being easy and fast in operation.

根据成像光谱图像的空间、谱间相关性和信息熵的特征，提出成像光谱图像序列的三种表示方法，分析了不同表示方法的相关系数和图像信息熵的变化，并研究出了成像光谱图像的无损压缩方法，即利用D~2PCM方法对光谱图像序列进行去相关处理，同时降低图像的空间和谱间冗余，在提高了无损压缩的压缩比和压缩效率的同时，算法具有简单快速的优点。

Fourthly, it discusses the spectral image loss-less compression by applying thecorrelation and the entropy of the spectral image sequence. It gives and analyses three expressions of imaging spectrometer images, and tells the change in correlation coefficient and entropy for different expressions. At last, it puts forward D2PCM de-correlation method to reduce the spatial and spectral redundancy.

根据成像光谱图像的空间、谱间相关性和信息熵的特征，提出成像光谱图像序列的三种表示方法，分析了不同表示方法的相关系数和图像信息熵的变化，并研究出了成像光谱图像的无损压缩方法，即利用D~2PCM方法对光谱图像序列进行去相关处理，同时降低图像的空间和谱间冗余，在提高了无损压缩的压缩比和压缩效率的同时，算法具有简单快速的优点。

According to the theory of Sagnac FourierTransform spectrometer, the method which we used to reconstruct the spectrum correctly from the captured interferogram was developed. With the steps of trend term correction, apodisation, phase correction and conjugate symmetrization applied to the interferogram captured and then reconstructed it, the error was avoid.The experiment to reconstruct the spectrum of monochromatic light source such as Helium lamp used in the developed prototype was carried out. The results agree with the nominal spectrum distibutions of the sources with the accuracy of 4nm.

介绍了Sagnac型干涉成像光谱仪基本原理，针对上述问题得到一套对采集得到的干涉图进行光谱重构的方法，通过对所采集干涉图进行消趋势项、切趾、相位校正、共轭对称化等步骤的处理，再进行重构，即可有效避免直接重构所带来的误差，使用所研制的原理样机对氦灯等单色光源进行光谱曲线重构实验，得到的光谱强度分布曲线与标称曲线基本吻合，光谱复原精度达到了4nm，具有较好的重构效果。

Laser Raman spectral technique is an important section in modern laser spectral techniques. Laser Raman spectrum plays an important role on the aspects of analyzing molecular structure, symmetry properties of crystal, investigating solid structure phase-variation and the structure of IR spectrum of molecule. In recent years,it has been extensively applied in many research fields such as organic and inorganic analytical chemistry, biochemistry, petrochemical industry, macromolecule chemistry ,etc.

激光喇曼光谱技术是现代激光光谱技术中的一个重要组成部分，激光喇曼光谱对于确定分子结构和晶体的对称性、研究各种固体结构相变及红外光谱结构分析等方面具有重要作用，近些年来已经广泛地应用于有机和无机分析化学、生物化学、石油化工、高分子化学等领域。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的&同物异谱&现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被&红边&范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The main applications in the spectroscopic studies and lifetime measurement of highly ionized ions are summarized.2 The experimental principle and method of beam-foil spectroscopy are presented, andthe application of the isoelectronic sequence in the analyses of spectra is described, Cowan program for the theoretical calculations is introduced.3 The main facilities in our experiment are introduced.

本文对高离化态Cu和Ge离子的光谱进行实验研究，得到了一些新的实验结果，论文的主要内容如下： 1 回顾了束箔光谱法的发展历史，介绍了束箔光谱法的优点；总结了束箔光谱法在高离化态原子能级研究，高离化态原子能级寿命测量等方面的主要用途。

The study of molecular spectra is an important tool for understandingthe structure of molecules. The exploration of the microcosmos relies on spec-troscope to a great extent. In recent years, profited by the development ofexperimental techniques in high resolution spectroscopy, experimental data onmolecular spectra are more and more precise, so the theoretical analysis ofthem has become an important subject on chemical physics.

对分子光谱的研究一直是人们了解分子结构特性的重要工具，我们对微观世界的探索在很大程度上依靠光谱学，特别是近年来随着光谱技术的不断提高，实验上测得的分子光谱数据已越来越精确，因而对它们的理论分析也就成为化学物理中的一个重要课题。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。