作为...的前提

This chapter tries to solve the following issues:as theconscious awareness of law-makers,the penalty-crimerelationship determines how to make law;as the form ofideas,the penalty-crime relationship regulates and guidesthe process of law-making and judicature;penalty andcrime as provided by law is nothing but the model for thepenalty-crime relationship presupposed and defined bylawmakers;the presupposition and definition of thepenalty-crime relationship is the value-based evaluativeactivity on the grounds of cognition;the change invalue-based criteria and the inherent contradiction of theobjective to beevaluated is the fundamental precondition for the definitionof the penalty-crime relationship;the change in classcontradiction is the basic cause for the change inevaluative criteria;the change in the objective to theevaluated reflects the demands and interests of the rulingclass to a certain extent,and lastly;as the evaluativeform of negating crime,penalty and its effectiveness dependheavily on the unity of compulsiveness and justice.

文章论述了刑罪关系作为立法者的自觉意识决定着刑事立法；刑罪关系作为观念的形式，规束并引导着立法和司法，法律中规定的犯罪与刑罚，是立法者设定的刑罪关系范式；刑罪关系的设定是以认识为基础的价值评价活动，价值标准的变动性和评价对象的内在矛盾性，是刑罪关系设立的根本前提，指出了阶级矛盾的变化是导致评价标准不确定的根本原因；评价对象的转移，在一定程度上反映出统治阶级利益的需要。刑罚作为对犯罪否定评价的方式，其有效性在于强制性与正义性的统一。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从"五四"到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族"血性"的传承方面。

Since the above six are self-sufficient man likes to do the job, and the pursuit of self-worth, feel self-care, personal space, respect for another's privacy, pay attention to personal style and taste, do not follow the crowd, there is awareness of the law of "80 After "will consciously dislike these acts: for example, talk to others for no reason," 80 after the "more agreeable to the West are more concerned about the self-opinion, very few non-Road, concerned about others; such as, enjoy preaching others," 80后" from an early age from schools, parents, etc. too much preaching, preaching and therefore acts very much, resulting in antagonistic, their attention; For instance, to belittle the advantages of others,"80 after" consider embodies self-worth is not to derogate others premise, the more The more derogatory of others to explain their value enough, are their attractions; For instance, smoking in the office,"after 80" would be a focus on self and respect for others the organic integration of generation, because these two are not always contradictory, if that "after 80" only know that take care of their own convenience, on the wrong; such as, the mentality of not enough sunlight,"80后" feel self-care, therefore, delighted to do anything on an individual basis or as a premise, we think that good , but their psychological upset, does not endorse, they will not act in accordance with the meaning of the U.S., the ultimate manifestation of personal values on the individual feel, are their characteristics; For instance, loud make personal phone calls,"80, after" personal space, respect for others Privacy, therefore, in a public office area will be less and less to see the "80 after" unscrupulous people talking about the workplace their own affairs, the concept of privacy, especially popular in this generation will be reflected in the workplace in the past.

因为，上述6条都是不够自我的职场中人喜欢做的，而追求自我价值、在乎自我感受、重视个人空间、尊重他人隐私、讲究个人风格与品味、不随波逐流、有法律意识的"80后"会自觉地不喜欢这些行为：比如，无端议论他人，"80后"比较认同西方人较为关注自我的观点，很少道人是非，关注别人的事；比如，喜欢说教别人，"80后"从小受到来自学校、家长等的太多说教，因此对说教行为很反感，从而产生逆反，自己注意；比如，贬低别人优势，"80后"认为体现自我价值不是以贬损别人为前提的，越贬损别人越说明自己的价值不够，是他们的过人之处；比如，在办公区吸烟，"80后"将是注重自我和尊重别人有机结合的一代，因为这两者始终不矛盾，如果认为"80后"只知道照顾自己的方便，就大错特错了；比如，心态不够阳光，"80后"在乎自我感受，因此，任何事情是以个人高兴与否作为前提的，大家觉得好，但自己心理不高兴、不认可，便不会根据大家的意思行事，个人价值最终体现在个人感受上，是他们的特点；比如，大声打私人电话，"80后"重视个人空间、尊重他人隐私，因此，在公共办公区将越来越少地看到"80后"职场人肆无忌惮地谈论自己的事情，隐私的概念在这一代特别流行，将会体现到职场中来。

The paper also gives a look at his new approach to take his thought into effect.

在论及其民主主义理想之实现方式以及手段时，杜威反对采取革命的激进方式，并论证了当代美国社会采取改良方式所存在的必要性与可能性，并以此作为前提条件，提出以科学态度、教育作为其实现途径。

It seems self-evident in political science nowadays because we all act on the premise that has been affirmed ever since the establishment of modern Westphalian System.

政治科学理论的知识前提是以国家作为研究对象，此前提自西发利亚条约所创之体系成立迄今，已具备了不证自明的某种类科学性质。

Therefore,in the premise of connection among thetheory,history and actuality,the thesis has put forward theconception of China administrative morality:directed byMarxism-Leninism,Mao Zedong Thought and Deng XiaopingTheory,use the scientific theory,proceed from the actualsituation and follow the principle of collectivism,serving,efficiency and impartiality;make sure the basic content of thecontemporary China administrative morality construction andpush the compulsory administrative morality and the idealadministrative morality;cultivate the autonomic consciousness ofadministrative morality main body through strengtheningadministrative morality education and administrative moralityculture;strengthen heteronomous system of administrativemorality with the system construction as the safeguard ofadministrative morality construction;emphasize constructingforcible wide administrative morality regulation system-theevaluation and supervision of administrative morality,uniteautonomic and heteronomous,and make the administrativebehavior carry out administrative morality obligation consciouslyin the end.

因此，在理论、历史和现状统一结合的前提下，提出我国行政道德建设的构想：以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论为指导，坚持运用科学的理论，从实际出发，重在建设，遵循集体主义、服务、效率、公正的原则；确定当代中国行政道德建设的基本内容，推行义务行政道德和理想行政道德；通过强化行政道德教育和行政道德修养，培养行政行为主体的自律意识；以制度建设作为行政道德建设的保障，旨在强化行政道德的他律机制；强调建设强有力的广泛的行政道德调控机制即行政道德评价和行政道德监督，把自律和他律结合起来，最终达到使行政行为主体真正从内心里自觉地履行行政道德义务。

However, due to the substantially different allocation of resources in various geographic regions, along with their own characteristic formation, agglomerate economies show rather a strong tendency of unhomogeneity, which leads to the unhomogeneous characteristics of their advantages regarding FDI attraction. Therefore, this paper proposes there exists an interactive relationship between the primary advantage and the multi-level agglomerate advantages by dividing the latter one into original agglomerate advantage and late-developing agglomerate advantage.

本文认为虽然随着经济全球化和信息技术的进一步发展，基础性优势的重要性逐步下降，从一种显性优势转化为潜在优势，是东道国吸引FDI的一种比较优势，集聚性优势则起着越来越重要的作用，是东道国吸引FDI的一种竞争优势，两者之间存在着质的差别，但作为分别作用于国家和次国家两个不同层面上的优势，基础性优势和集聚性优势之间存在着互动互补关系，基础性优势是集聚性优势形成的前提，集聚性优势则是对基础性优势的提升，两者共同构成了东道国吸引FDI的二重优势，在东道国吸引FDI中缺一不可。

If the dance works, to the means as an end, the actors superb art not to reflect the life and performance of their character's thoughts and feelings the premise of the existence, or not to proceed to adopt the contents of selected dance dance movements appropriate skills, but rather to demonstrate the actor possession dance skills abilities, it will dance works since the content and form of divergence, or the lack of artistic integrity, but failed, also fell into the dancer's art itself, the acrobatic skills of performances, The loss of the basic character of the art of dance.

如果在舞蹈作品中，以手段作为目的、演员高超的技艺不以反映生活、表现人物的思想感情为其存在的前提，或是不以舞蹈内容出发采选取相应的舞蹈动作技巧，而是以展示演员所掌握的舞蹈技巧能力出发，那就会使舞蹈作品由于内容和形式的脱节，或是缺乏艺术的完整性，而陷于失败，舞蹈演员的技艺本身也就沦入了杂技性的技巧表演，而丧失了舞蹈艺术的基本品格。

The design of this dissertation begins with the definition of audience data structure based on considering the embedded developing environment features. The dissertation uses the STi5518 chip by ST Microtones to collect audience data, and then the SI analysis and OSD interactive function are used to gain the user watching information. Then collect audience data in EEPROM of STB, use STB and serial to transmit the data, then use the RS232 serial port and RJ-45 converter to realize the data Return of Serial to Ethernet, in the process of data Return it completes the conversion of data format.

本设计首先在嵌入式环境的前提下，在用户数据采集和回传工作中采用了ST Microtones公司提供的STi5518芯片作为机顶盒主芯片，根据收视率调查需要制定出用户的收视信息数据结构，并结合数字电视业务信息分析以及机顶盒的屏幕显示互动功能，对用户的收视情况进行记录；然后把记录的数据存储到机顶盒的EEPROM中，并利用机顶盒串口输出数据，再利用RS232串口与RJ-45转换器实现串口转以太网的数据回传，在回传过程中完成了数据格式的转换。

From May 4th Movement of 1919 to the 1920s, sex love narrations in Chinese novels were rather an enlightenment and liberation in that particular era with four characteristics. Firstly, sexual desire was endowed with rationality with regard to liberation of human nature and mutual love. Secondly, with an epochal concern for a stronger and superior race, greater attention was paid to sexual parties concerned, mainly physically. Thirdly, new ethics on sex were promoted in that personal freedom on sex love was emphasized and sex love became an important way of self-fulfillment. Therefore, independence of sex love was advocated and the scope of sex love was also widened. Fourthly, the sex consciousness of this period had the mixed features of the past and the contemporary. Sex love narrations in the 1930s and 1940s showed a further exploration on the theme of human nature. First of all, sex was restored to a kind of desire. ShenCongwen probed the importance of harmonious sex love to a sound personality and Shi Zhecunrevealed that sexual inhibition could lead to the distortion, even frenzy of human nature. Bothexplored the influence and functions of sexual desire as human nature upon human personality,giving prominence to the irresistibleness of sexual desire and the significance of sexual desire asa motive. Then, human bodies driven by sexual desire were described and given greater attentionto. Next, ethics on sex were deconstructed either by Shen Congwen who opposed man-madeethics with law of nature and the School of New Sensation who replaced traditional ethics on sexwith exchange rules in consumption, or by Shi Zhecun who spared no efforts in representing thecomplete failure of social rules, including ethics on sex, due to the impact from sexual desire.The direct effect was a paleness of the ethical binding force on sex. Last, sex consciousness inthe works of female writers emerged. In the early works of Ding Ling, the sexual desire of thefemale is no longer a ramification of emotion but an independent one. In addition, in the sex lovenarrations of other female writers, such as Mei Niang, strong self-consciousness on the socialstatus of the female is also reflected. Sex love narrations in the late 1970s and early 1980s wereactually a re-enlightenment in the spirit of humanism, whose major features include humanisticlegitimation of sex love within the boundary of ethics, a blend of sex love narrations withnational concepts and national myths as well as the aesthetic, poetic descriptions of humanbodies etc. In the middle and late 1980s, sex love narrations entered a stage of exploration forpluralism. First, by restoration of sexual desire, writers of this era restored human nature, thevery original state of human being. Different emphasis and tendencies could be seen in differentwriters: looking at sex love dialectically and trying to describe its creative as well as destructivecharacteristics; connecting sex love with violence and trying to reveal the evil side of humannature through it; emphasizing the creativeness of sex love especially in the heritage of"wildness".

从&五四&到20世纪20年代，中国小说的性爱叙事是一种处在时代夹缝中的启蒙和解放，其所表现出来的特点，一是正面赋予性欲望以合理性，这种合理性是在人性解放和爱情前提下获得的；二是在强种育种的时代焦虑影响下小说性爱叙事表现出对物质身体的关注，其焦点主要在体格方面；三是树立起新的性伦理道德观念，表现为强调在性爱问题上的个人选择自由，性爱成为个人自我实现的重要方式，从而赋予人在性爱问题上的独立性，同时还扩大了性爱表现的领域；四，这个时期小说性爱叙事中所表现出的性意识还具有新旧杂糅的特点。30、40年代小说性爱叙事表现出对人性主题的深化与丌拓，首先是把性还原为欲望本身来探索，沈从文从和谐性爱对健全人性的决定作用、施蛰存从性压抑会导致人性扭曲甚至疯狂的角度探讨作为人类本质性欲望的性对人性产生的影响和作用，突出了性欲力量的不可抗拒和作为人类行为的重要动力等方面的内容；其次在叙事中表现出对欲望化了的身体的描绘与关注；第三是解构了性的伦理道德，无论是沈从文以自然法则来反对人为的道德设置还是新感觉派用消费交换原则替代传统性伦理道德，或是施蛰存极力表现包括性伦理规范在内的社会法则在性欲力量冲击下溃不成军，其直接的效果都是使性伦理道德对人的约束力量显得苍白虚弱；第四，出现了由女性作家表现的女性性意识，在丁玲的早期作品中女性的性欲望不再是作为感情的衍生物而是独立的欲望存在，而在梅娘等其他女作家的小说性爱叙事中则表现出对女性社会地位的强烈自觉意识。70年代末80年代初期小说的性爱叙事实际上是在人道主义语境下的再次启蒙，其主要特征一是性爱在人道主义前提下获得合法性，但要求性爱不超出伦理规定的范围；再就是将性爱叙事同国家观念和民族神话相融合；此外还有对身体的描写审美化诗意化等。80年代中后期，小说性爱叙事进入了多元化探索的阶段，作家通过还原性欲望来还原人性、还原人类的本真状态，不同作家笔下表现为不同的侧重和倾向——以辨证的方式看待性爱，写出其具有的创造性力量和毁灭性特征；将性爱与暴力相联系并通过其来表现人性的黑暗；强调性爱的创造性作用，尤其在民族&血性&的传承方面。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。