休眠

Seed explants of Eleutherococcus senticosus produced somatic embryos directly ongrowth regulator-free medium. The results were showed that use low temperature stressmethod to relieve the Eleutherococcus senticosus seed conformation dormancy andphysiological dormancy, to induce seed germinate. Proliferation of Eleutherococcus senticosussomatic embryo without any plant growth regulathors was better in liquid medium containing1/3MS+sucrose 3%, and better in solid medium containing 1/3MS+sucrose 1%.Eleutherococcus senticosus secondary embryo was stick to matrix through espial of cytology.Eleutherococcus senticosus somatic embryo was cultivated some times to form immature frondin liquid medium, then transfer into solid medium to form full plant. The experiment wasindicated that much more Eleutherococcus senticosus immature frond can be cultured inbioreactor, so large-scale production in bioreactor culture can be done.

研究结果表明：低温胁迫处理刺五加种子可以打破种子的形态休眠和生理休眠，促使种子发芽：在不添加任何植物激素的培养基中诱导刺五加体胚形成，其中，1／3MS+3％蔗糖的培养基搭配有利于液体培养的刺五加体胚增值，1／3MS+1.0％蔗糖的培养基搭配有利于固体培养的刺五加体胚增值；在进行体细胞胚增殖时，体细胞胚继代三周后表面开始形成很多次生胚，对刺五加次生胚进行细胞学观察，发现刺五加次生胚与母体只是粘贴在一起；刺五加体胚需在液体培养基中培养一段时间形成幼植物体，实验表明可以通过生物反应器培养大量的刺五加幼植物体，然后转入固体培养基中形成完整植株，因此可以通过生物反应器培养进行规模化生产。

To shut down, only the use of hibernation, but hibernation or a longer time to start.

要想关机，只有使用休眠，但休眠启动的时间还是较长。

After 30 days, the cultures were preserved in darkness, and 4 types of resting cysts were found after another 90 days:(1) spherical to ovoid cysts (25-39 μm long) covered by asparse or numerous calcareous attachments (1-4 μm long) and a calcareous surface;(2) spherical cysts (29-35 μm diameter) with a noncalcareous surface attachment, calcareous surface;(3)spherical to ovoid cysts (29-35 μm long) w ithout any surface attachment and a calcareous surface; and (4) spherical c ysts (24- 35 μm diameter) without any surface attachment and an organic surf ace.

培养30天后，培养液中有大量休眠孢囊，将藻液避光保存90天后，观察到培养基中有4种类型的休眠孢囊产生：(1)球形到椭球形(长25-39 μm)，钙质外壁，稀疏或密被钙质附属物(长1-4 μm)；(2)球形(直径为29-35 μm)，钙质外壁，附属物非钙质(长0.5-1.5 μm)；(3)球形到椭球形(长29-35 μm)，钙质，表面光滑，无附属物；(4)球形(直径24-35 μm )，有机外壁，无附属物。

The major causes of dormancy of sand pear seeds and the major methods for breaking it were studied.

对砂梨(P。 pyrifalia Nakai)种子休眠主要原因与解除休眠的主要方法进行了研究。

The dormant state in tardigrade (e.g ., tuns, cyst, resting eggs) can occur at any stage of life, which can help tardigrades survive some unfavorable environments, extending individual's life-span.

滞育包括包囊和休眠卵两种形式。缓步动物的三种休眠状态在其一生中任何一个阶段都能够出现，以度过极端不利的环境，并以此延长生物个体的寿命。

The suboptimal thermoperiod was 15℃/25℃. 2. The fresh H. ammodendron seeds had highly germination ability, and have no dormant phenomenon; The fruiting wings had significant inhibition the germination of fresh mature seed in autumn, and fruiting wings made H. ammodendron seeds maintain dormancy, but with store time extend, the effect that fruiting wings inhibited seed germination gradually alleviate, fruiting wings didn't inhibition effect of seed germination until the next spring(in 4 month).

2梭梭新采收的去翅种子不存在休眠现象，而具有很高的萌发生活力；果翅对秋天新成熟种子的萌发有显著的抑制作用，使种子处于强迫休眠状态；果翅对种子萌发的抑制作用随着贮藏时间的推移逐渐降低，到翌年春天(4月)果翅解除对种子萌发的抑制作用。

Persicum seeds was 5℃/15℃. The suboptimal thermoperiod was 15℃/25℃. 2. The fresh H. ammodendron seeds had highly germination ability, and have no dormant phenomenon; The fruiting wings had significant inhibition the germination of fresh mature seed in autumn, and fruiting wings made H. ammodendron seeds maintain dormancy, but with store time extend, the effect that fruiting wings inhibited seed germination gradually alleviate, fruiting wings didn't inhibition effect of seed germination until the next spring(in 4 month).

2梭梭新采收的去翅种子不存在休眠现象，而具有很高的萌发生活力；果翅对秋天新成熟种子的萌发有显著的抑制作用，使种子处于强迫休眠状态；果翅对种子萌发的抑制作用随着贮藏时间的推移逐渐降低，到翌年春天(4月)果翅解除对种子萌发的抑制作用。

As for wampee seed, the dormancy was kept for 12 months with germination percentage above 90% but no growth of plumule, though the rabicle elongated.

黄皮再进入休眠，12个月后种子发芽率能达90％以上，但胚芽不伸长，胚根伸长；24个月后休眠解除，幼苗正常生长。荔枝能贮藏6个月。

In addition,20 samples of copepoda resting eggs were separated from the pond mud in Decemeber,2003,and 5 samples of nauplins hatched from that kind of resting eggs were detected.

在20例桡足类休眠卵样品中有1例为阳性，阳性率为5%；并且实验室中孵化此种休眠卵得来的桡足类幼体样品中检测到阳性，阳性率为40%。

It showed adult copepoda could carry active WSSV particle and led to shrimp infection potentially.

另外从带毒桡足类所产的休眠卵及其孵化的幼体中也检测到WSSV阳性，显示桡足类休眠卵极可能是传播WSSV的载体和途径。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。