一致估计

Discrete view regards every interim as a discrete accounting period and accounting polices, principle of confirmation and measurement adopted in compiling interim financial report are consistent with that of annual report, and so are applied accounting estimate, cost distribution and treatment of accrued items, etc.

独立观是将每一中期视为一个独立的会计期间，中期财务报告中所采用的会计政策和确认与计量原则与年度财务报告相一致，其中所应用会计估计、成本分配和应计项目的处理等也与年度财务报告相一致。

Based on GSDE, an exact test of variance component is obtained by applying generalized p-value method.

同样地，证明了均方误差意义下方差分量矩阵的谱分解估计一致优于ANOVA估计。

Using assumed explained variable condition, applying the maximum entropy principle and with the condition probability distribution complying with that of sample data and prior distribution, the author finally estimates an optimal conditional probability density of the LGD.

利用假定的解释变量条件，应用最大熵原理，并要求所估计的条件概率分布一致于样本数据和先验分布，最终对违约损失率估计出最佳的条件概率密度。

To prove that OLS estimators are asymptotically efficient, one needs to (1) present an estimator that is consistent but its variance is larger.

为了证明OLS估计量是渐近有效的，我们需要(1)给出一致的估计量但证明它有更大的方差。

Theorem 5.1 : Under Assumptions MLR.1 through MLR.4, the OLS estimator is consistent for both the intercept and slope parameters.

定理5.1：在假设MLR.1到MLR.4下，OLS截距估计量和斜率估计量都是一致的估计量。

First, we present various new convergence concepts for sequence of fuzzy random variables, including convergence sure, convergence almost sure, uniform convergence, uniform convergence almost sure, almost uniform convergence, convergence in chance measure, and their corresponding weak convergence. Second, the relations among some types of convergence are studied. Finally, we design some algorithms about fuzzy random simulations to compute the mean chance of fuzzy random event, find the optimistic value of a return function, and evaluate the expected value of a fuzzy random variable.

首先，提出了几类模糊随机变量序列的收敛性概念，包括：必然收敛、几乎必然收敛、一致收敛、几乎必然一致收敛、近一致收敛、依机会测度收敛以及与以上概念相对应的弱收敛；其次，讨论了收敛性之间的关系；最后我们设计了模糊随机模拟算法，用于计算模糊随机事件的平均机会，寻找收益函数的乐观值，以及估计模糊随机变量的期望值。

First, we present various new convergence concepts for sequence of fuzzy random variables, including convergence sure, convergence almost sure, uniform convergence, uniform convergence almost sure, almost uniform convergence, convergence in chance measure, and their corresponding weak convergence.

首先，提出了几类模糊随机变量序列的收敛性概念，包括：必然收敛、几乎必然收敛、一致收敛、几乎必然一致收敛、近一致收敛、依机会测度收敛以及与以上概念相对应的弱收敛；其次，讨论了收敛性之间的关系；最后我们设计了模糊随机模拟算法，用于计算模糊随机事件的平均机会，寻找收益函数的乐观值，以及估计模糊随机变量的期望值。

We also discussed the estimation of stability region of discrete singular systems with delay, and presented several region estimaitons for uniform stabiity and asymptotic stability, respectively.

我们还研究了离散滞后广义系统稳定域的定量估计，分别给出了系统一致稳定区域和渐进稳定区域的估计公式。

Then this thesis presents another SLAM algorithm-the Relative Map Filter, The RMF is however disadvantaged by the inability to guarantee consistency of the estimated relative map. The following sections introduce a new navigation filter - the Geometric Projection Filter or GPF. The consistency of the estimated relative map is enforced by the application of the constrained estimator to an inconsistent relative map produced by a standard RMF.

然后介绍了SLAM问题的结构，分析了绝对地图滤波器的性质，介绍另一种解决方法—相对地图滤波器，但是相对地图滤波器产生不一致的相对地图，因此在相对地图滤波器的基础上应用约束估计产生一致的相对地图，这就是几何投影滤波器，从而有效的解决了SLAM问题。

There have been a lot of studies this aspect when the exact solution u∈H~2 or u∈H~3. [4], [52] and [50]studied the convergence of conforming linear triangle elements with minimal regularity assumptions u∈H~4, here u is the solutions of the second order elliptic problems. However, their is another vital deficiency of the previous studies, i.e., they relies on the regularity assumption or quasi-uniform assumption on the subdivision of meshes.

对二阶问题，构造了一个新的单元格式，当其精确解具有低正则性时，在不要求网格满足正则假设或拟一致假设的条件下，我们得到了最优误差估计，与[33]相比，我们的证明方法较为简单；对于Stokes问题，研究五节点非协调矩形元对它的逼近，通过引入全新的估计方法，给出了关于速度、压力的超逼近性质。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。