查询词典 tradition has it that ...

As early as Before Chin Dynasty, the Confucianists had developed the learning tradition that virtue and truth were emphasized equally. Their learning principle was self-cultivation in both benevolence and wisdom, i.e. moral inquiry.The learning tradition of ancient West mainly means the learning tradition created by Socrates and developed by Plato and Aristotle. It paid close attention to existence and the intrinsic consistence of knowledge and benevolence.The Enlightenment had dual influence on existentialism meaning of learning. For one thing, it created conditions for the liberation of human. The call for ration, freedom and democracy aroused inquiry spirit in education. For another,"subject-object" dualism looked oh scientific knowledge as rigid object truth, and human mind became "mirror" to reflect the objective reality. So education degenerated into knowledge indoctrinating and skills training. It depressed inquiry spirit and human creative personality.

先秦以来儒家的学习传统是强调真理与德性并重，儒家的学习原则是仁智双修，德性探究；古代西方的学习传统，主要是指由苏格拉底所开创，经柏拉图、亚里士多德继承和发展的关注人的生存、追求知识与&善&的内在一致性的学习传统；启蒙运动一方面为在教育中实现人的解放创造了条件，对理性、自由和民主的呼唤催生了教育中的探究精神，但另一方面，启蒙理性的&主-客体&二元论性格，使得科学知识变成僵化的客观真理，人的心灵变成反映客观实在的&镜子&，教育由此退变为知识灌输和技能训练的过程，压抑了探究精神和人的创造个性。

There are two approaches in the humanist tradition the Continental tradition and Angl o-American tradition.

因而在人文主义这一传统中，也分化出了不同的两派：一是大陆传统；二是英美传统。

As one kind of literature forms, the gothicism has already become a tradition which has been continuing developing ,has profound influence in the west, and is called the gothicism tradition.

哥特作为一种文学体裁，在西方已经形成了一个持续发展并影响广泛的传统，这个传统被称为哥特传统。

Basing on the inspection , the study deems that Gendered Education has influenced deeply by Chinese traditional gender discourse which emphasizes gender differences.The educational tradition integrates the male and female simultaneously, but it was restrained by the fetter of Gender Essentialism.Gender-neutral Education is the production of education resulted from gender discourse of gender equality in modern China.The educational tradition has challenged Gender Essentialism in Gendered Education and endowed the male and female with the identical education right, but it actually has fallen into the Masculinism.

经考察，本文认为：性别化教育深受中国传统男女有别社会性别话语的作用与影响，这种教育传统虽将男女两种社会性别同时纳入教育系统，但受制于了性别本质主义的束缚；性别中立教育是现代中国男女平等社会性别话语作用于教育的产物，这一教育传统挑战了性别化教育传统中的性别本质主义，赋予了男女两性相同的教育权利，但却逐步陷入了男性中心主义。

The dissertation thinks that Lotman's theory of the cultural semiotic poetics not only has inherited Saussure's tradition of structuralism linguistics, but also initiative has absorbed Pierce's semiotic theory cream, and has come true to exceed two big semiotic tradition in Europe and America.

论文认为，洛特曼的文化符号诗学理论不仅继承了索绪尔结构主义语言学的传统，而且还主动吸收了皮尔斯符号学的理论精华，并在一定程度上实现了对欧美符号学两大传统的超越。

Part I, has discussed the local culture background there existing in section Yifan festivals , that ceremony tradition sets forth the natural environment , clansman , ancestral hall and tradition ceremony about four aspect respectively from the culture inquiring into the physical geography environment , the Mulao Minority living in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Kultur , holding the region , the Mulam Minority living in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region according to the biography that Yifan festivals has been that the Mulao Minority living in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region "saves the basis being able to be existed and lasted Yifan festivals ".

第一部分，论述了依饭节存在的本土文化背景，分别从调查点的自然地理环境、仫佬族社会组织、依饭节的传承场域、仫佬族的文化仪式传统四个方面来阐述自然环境、宗族、祠堂以及传统仪式是仫佬族"依饭节"得以生存和延续的根基。

In the background dependence of political civilization,from the mercy and bounty of governor to the enjoyment and request of own rights embodies the efforts and struggles of the proletariat in order to constitute the socail assistance legal institutions,which offers the room of political system where the social assistance legal institutions are able to exist and develop and strengthen;In the background dependence of economic system,the simple truth which the economic foundation determines the superstructure exerts its advancing logic concretely and really,where the gap between the poor and the rich will be widened continuely in the condition of market economy,and the dependence on the social assistance legal institutions for the poor will be more rainforced,and the request of rights for social assistance will become intense increasingly;In the background dependence of cultural tradition,the relief ideology such as Great Harmony Society,the ideality of equal wealth and the pursuit of the idea that those who have no kin and cann't support themselves can all be cultivated and so on which goes back to ancient times has been depositted into a luscious cultural tradition and Confucianism allegates implementing the humanity politics and sparkplugs cultivating and compensating people,which results in the thoughts of taking civilian as the foundation that occupy the inrooted station in Chinese culture,and the arrangements of social assistance legal institutions response the continue of renation in Chinese traditional culture;In the background dependence of internationalization,the ideaistic assimilation and the spread of arterial values quicken the speed of civilized fusion,and the social assistance legal institutions should response positively the relative legislative concept and methods which the world has achieved the common understanding on the base of using initialively the legislative experiences in the developed country and the ones where the relative institutions reach a better performance for reference.

政治文明背景依赖方面，由统治者怜悯、恩赐到自己权利的享有和诉求，本身就体现出无产阶级为建立社会救助法律制度所付出的努力和奋斗，因此社会救助法律制度完全具有自己存在、发展和壮大的政治体制空间；经济体制背景依赖方面，经济基础决定上层建筑的朴实真理具体而实在地发挥着自己的演进逻辑，市场经济条件下贫富差距会继续扩大，贫困居民对社会救助法律制度的依赖会进一步加强，其社会救助权诉求也将会变得日益强烈；文化传统背景依赖方面，大同社会、均贫富理想、鳏寡孤独废疾者皆有所养的追求等中国源源流长的救济思想都已经沉淀为一种浓厚的文化传统，儒家思想主张实施仁政，倡导养民、恤民，民本思想在中国文化中占据着根深蒂固的地位，社会救助法律制度安排回应了中国传统文化脉络的延续；国际化背景依赖方面，观念的同化和主流价值观的流播，使文明的互融速度加快，社会救助法律制度需要主动借鉴发达国家以及相关制度具有较好绩效国家的立法经验，积极回应全球已达成共识的社会救助立法理念和方法。

Nowadays the Chinese Confucian tradition in thought and philosophy has been forgotten and abandoned by many Chinese, because that tradition has long been denigrated, since 1895 in fact, by Chinese ourselves, for being out-dated, irrelevant, the cause of Chinese backwardness, or even for being "dictatorial,""fascist," and "designed to keep the masses ignorant and stupid."

今天很多华人忘记和抛弃了中华孔教思想和哲学传统，因为长久以来，这个传统曾被贬斥。贬斥它的，其实正是我们华人们自己。我们说它过时、对现代没有意义、是中国落后的原因、甚至是&专制的&、&法西斯的&、&愚民的&。

General education has always had great importance to ancient Chinese tradition; this tradition has extended to the Republic, but to the founding of the PRC, as a result of the Soviet Model introduction, general education completely removed from the stage of Chinese higher education, the professional education was acting the role which outshined others.

中国古代一直有着重视通识教育精神的传统，这种传统一直延续到民国时期，但是到建国后，由于苏联模式的引进，通识教育彻底退出中国高等教育的舞台，专业教育扮演着一枝独秀的角色。

Leavis thinksthat the great tradition of English literature lies in the strong consciousnessto the human nature and morality, and James has the honor to be listed inthe list of great novelists embody this great tradition , because he has akind of pious attitude and a serious heart when he faces the life.

审美取向和题材取向的&内向化&必然需要新的叙事模式与之相适应，詹姆斯一改传统的&全知视角&和&第一人称有限视角&，创造性地提出了&意识中心&理论，即作家选择小说中感受最深的某个人物充当叙述者，一切描述都从这个角色的&意识中心&出发，通过他的观察认识与感受来反映生活，从而增强作品的真实感，这一叙事理论对英美现代小说的发展产生了极为深远的影响。

I hope that this success is just the first in a long series.

我希望这只是成功的开始。

Three dimensional stresses on the interface of tire and soil, tire deflection and soil sinkage are measured.

测试轮胎——沙土界面上的三向应力、轮胎变形和沙土沉陷；建立考虑剪切应力对沙土承载特性产生影响的车轮牵引性能预测模型；分析车轮作用下土壤的纵向稳定性。